Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic ArtHyde, Walter Woodburn
History
Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic Art
Hyde, Walter Woodburn
Olympics; Sculpture, Greek; Sports -- Greece
There were exceptions to the rule of nudity. Statues of charioteers
were usually partly or wholly dressed in the long chiton, a custom
explained in various ways.[453] The Delphi bronze _Charioteer_ (Fig.
66) is a good example of a draped one. Another _auriga_ almost nude is
shown on a decadrachm of Akragas in the British Museum, dating from the
end of the fifth century B. C.[454] There are also several examples
of nude charioteers.[455] The Olympic runners and athletes generally
were also bareheaded and barefoot. The only exceptions were the
hoplite-runners, who wore helmets, and possibly charioteers, who wore
sandals.[456] Statues of women victors also were draped. Though Ionian
women could witness games,[457] and Spartan girls took part in athletic
contests with boys,[458] women were rigorously excluded from crossing
the Alpheios during the festival at Olympia.[459] They were allowed,
however, to enter horses for the chariot-race and, if victorious, to
set up monuments.[460] Only one woman was allowed to witness the games,
the priestess of the old earth cult of Demeter Chamyne, who could
sit at the altar in the stadion during the contests.[461] Pausanias
notes but one exception of a woman infringing the rule of admission,
Pherenike, the mother of the Rhodian victor Peisirhodos already
mentioned. She was pardoned because her father, brothers, and son were
victors, but the umpires passed a law that thereafter even trainers
should be nude.[462] While excluded from the games proper, women had
their own festival at Olympia in honor of Hera, which was known as the
_Heraia_. These games occurred every four years[463] and included a
foot-race between virgins, in which the course was one-sixth less than
the stadion. The victress received an olive crown and also a share of
the cow sacrificed to Hera, and was allowed to set up a painted picture
of herself in the Heraion.[464] It has been generally assumed that the
statue of a girl runner in the Galleria dei Candelabri of the Vatican
represents one of these victresses (Plate 2),[465] since Pausanias
says they ran with their hair down and wore a tunic which reached to
just above the knees, leaving the right shoulder bare to the breast.
That the statue represents a girl runner seems certain,[466] but that
it can be referred to one of the Olympic girl victresses is doubtful.
The description of Pausanias fits it in many respects, except that
the chiton of the statue is too short, and he does not mention the
girdle just below the bosom. Furthermore, he does not mention statues
of girl victresses, but only pictures. Nothing can be argued from the
palm-branch on the tree-stump, except that the Roman copyist thought it
the statue of a victress. It does not necessarily refer to a victress
at Olympia, for Pausanias elsewhere says that the palm-branch was given
at many contests.[467] The statue represents a young girl leaning
forward awaiting the signal to start,[468] but it is impossible to say
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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