Omnibuses and cabs : $b their origin and historyMoore, Henry Charles
History
Omnibuses and cabs : $b their origin and history
Moore, Henry Charles
Cab and omnibus service; Carriages and carts; Horse-drawn omnibuses
In 1711 Parliament once more altered the regulations concerning
hackney-coaches. The annual tax of £4 was changed to a weekly one of
five shillings, and the number of licences was increased to eight
hundred. The fares which the hackney-coachmen were authorised to charge
were fixed at a shilling for one mile and a half, eighteenpence for two
miles, and sixpence for every additional mile or portion of a mile.
Under the new regulations hackney-coaches enjoyed almost unbroken
prosperity for over fifty years, and, on the whole, gave satisfaction
to the public. There was, however, one occasion on which they became
very unpopular. A few days prior to the coronation of George III.,
the hackney-coach and the sedan-chair men agreed that unless they
were allowed to charge greatly increased prices on Coronation day,
they would refuse to take out their coaches and chairs. This decision
created considerable indignation among people who wished to ride
but did not possess vehicles of their own, and the Lords of the
Privy Council issued a proclamation that all hackney-coachmen and
sedan-chairmen were to be out with their coaches and chairs at four
o’clock in the morning of Coronation day; they were, moreover, warned
that if they demanded more than the ordinary fares, or failed to
perform their duties properly, they would be punished with the utmost
severity. This proclamation did not have the desired effect. The men
decided to defy the authorities, and would certainly have done so had
not a well-known sedan-chair maker advised them to go to work and trust
to the generosity of the public. He assured them that he had been told
by numerous regular users of hackney-coaches and sedan-chairs that
they were perfectly willing to pay, unasked, considerably more than
the legal fares. So the men went to work, and the majority reaped a
splendid harvest. Some people declined to pay more than the usual fare,
but they were not sufficiently numerous to prevent the day being a
memorable one for hackney-coachmen.
In 1768 there were a thousand hackney-coaches licensed to stand for
hire in the streets. Of these only 175 were allowed to ply for hire on
Sundays.
By an Act of George III. a commission was formed for the management
of hackney-coaches and the receipt of duties. Stands were appointed
in various parts of London, and coachmen were forbidden to wait for
hire at any other places. Men were also licensed to water the horses
at the various stands. These men were known as “watermen,” “caddies”
or “cads,” and wore, slung round their necks, a brass label bearing
a number. Besides watering the horses they looked after them while
the coachmen drank in the taproom or slept on their boxes, and, also,
opened the coach doors and lowered the steps for hirers. Every coachman
before driving off a rank paid the waterman one halfpenny.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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