On Canada's Frontier: Sketches of History, Sport, and Adventure and of the Indians, Missionaries, Fur-traders, and Newer Settlers of Western CanadaRalph, Julian
History
On Canada's Frontier: Sketches of History, Sport, and Adventure and of the Indians, Missionaries, Fur-traders, and Newer Settlers of Western Canada
Ralph, Julian
Hudson's Bay Company -- History; Indians of North America -- Canada; Northwest, Canadian -- Description and travel
"In Winter, when they go abroad, which they must do in all
Weathers, before they dress, they rub themselves all over with
Bears Greaze or Oil of Beavers, which does not freeze; and also
rub all the Fur of their Beaver Coats, and then put them on;
they have also a kind of Boots or Stockings of Beaver's Skin,
well oiled, with the Fur inwards; and above them they have an
oiled Skin laced about their Feet, which keeps out the Cold, and
also Water; and by this means they never freeze, nor suffer
anything by Cold. In Summer, also, when they go naked, they rub
themselves with these Oils or Grease, and expose themselves to
the Sun without being scorched, their Skins always being kept
soft and supple by it; nor do any Flies, Bugs, or Musketoes, or
any noxious Insect, ever molest them. When they want to get rid
of it, they go into the Water, and rub themselves all over with
Mud or Clay, and let it dry upon them, and then rub it off; but
whenever they are free from the Oil, the Flies and Musketoes
immediately attack them, and oblige them again to anoint
themselves. They are much afraid of the wild Humble Bee, they
going naked in Summer, that they avoid them as much as they can.
They use no Milk from the time they are weaned, and they all
hate to taste Cheese, having taken up an Opinion that it is made
of Dead Men's Fat. They love Prunes and Raisins, and will give a
Beaver-skin for Twelve of them, to carry to their Children; and
also for a Trump or Jew's Harp. The Women have all fine Voices,
but have never heard any Musical Instrument. They are very fond
of all Kinds of Pictures or Prints, giving a Beaver for the
least Print; and all Toys are like Jewels to them."
He reported that "the _Indians_ west of Hudson's Bay live an erratic
Life, and can have no Benefit by tame Fowl or Cattle. They seldom stay
above a Fortnight in a Place, unless they find Plenty of Game. After
having built their Hut, they disperse to get Game for their Food, and
meet again at Night after having killed enough to maintain them for that
Day. When they find Scarcity of Game, they remove a League or Two
farther; and thus they traverse through woody Countries and Bogs, scarce
missing One Day, Winter or Summer, fair or foul, in the greatest Storms
of Snow."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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