The patient, a man thirty years of age, was affected with hydrocele, and there was some suspicion of disease of the testicle. It was consequently intended to operate on the hydrocele by incision, in order that the testicle, if diseased, might be removed. The chloroform was administered in the same way that Professor Santesson had seen it exhibited by Dr. Simpson, except that it was poured on a little cotton, which was placed at the small end of the cone, into which the folded towel he made use of was rolled. About a drachm and a half was first poured on the cotton, and the patient was told to inhale in long and deep inspirations. This quantity being nearly evaporated in two or three minutes, a drachm more was added. After a few inspirations rigidity and struggling came on: these subsided, but in a little time returned more strongly than before, and the towel was removed from the face until the struggling ceased. The patient, however, not being sufficiently insensible to undergo the operation with the necessary quietness, the towel was reapplied, when, after a few inspirations, the pulse suddenly ceased. The face and the whole surface of the body turned pale, the eyes rolled upwards and inwards, and the breathing became very slow, but full and deep, the intervals between the inspirations becoming longer, until the respiration ceased altogether. The patient died before the operation was begun, and within five minutes from the commencement of inhalation. During the application of various means of resuscitation, including the dropping of cold water _guttatim_ on the epigastrium, the breathing returned, and continued for the space of three or four minutes; but the pulse and sounds of the heart did not return. At the examination, thirty-two hours after death, the dura mater was found to be congested, and there was considerable serous effusion between the membranes of the brain. There were also some bony deposits under the dura mater, and some adhesions of the arachnoid, indicating long standing disease of the membranes. The heart was of normal size, and flaccid; the vessels on its surface strongly distended with blood. The left ventricle was empty; the left auricle, on the contrary, and the entire of the right side of the heart, with the great veins, were filled with thin uncoagulated blood. In the right ventricle only was a little loose coagulum found. The lungs, posteriorly, were highly congested, exhibiting here and there infiltrations of blood from the size of a pea to that of a small hazel-nut. The pulmonary tissue was otherwise sound; giving, however, when cut into, the odour of chloroform, but more feebly than the brain did. The mucous membrane of the larynx and bronchial tubes were slightly reddened from sanguineous congestion. The blood was everywhere of the same thin juice-like nature.[86]