[4] Dieffenbach, ‘Die operative Chirurgie’ (1845). [5] Mason, ‘On Harelip and Cleft Palate’ (Churchill), p. 54. [6] Op. cit., p. 55. [7] Warner, ‘Brit. Med. Journ.,’ 1889, July 27th. [8] ‘Trans. Path. Soc.,’ xxxviii, p. 446. [9] ‘Bull. de Soc. Anat. de Paris,’ December, 1883. [10] Ibid., April, 1886. [11] See p. 52. [12] ‘Medical Times,’ 1862, p. 402. [13] Trendelenburg, ‘Deutsche Chirurg.’ (Billroth and Luecke), Lief, xxxiii, Hälfte 1. [14] ‘Trans. Odont. Soc.,’ vol. xx, p. 90. [15] Similar cases have been recorded by Von Ammon, Hippe, Liebrecht, Beely. [16] ‘Archiv f. klin. Chir.,’ xvi, p. 684. [17] Ditto, xx, p. 396. [18] Pelvet, “Mémoires sur les fissures congénitales des joues,” ‘Gaz. méd. de Paris,’ 3 s., xix, p. 417. [19] “Über die morph. Bedeut. der Kiefer, Lippen, und Gesichtsspalten,” Langenbeck’s ‘Archiv,’ xxxi, 2. [20] ‘Dublin Quart. Journ. of Med. Sci.,’ 1862, xxxii, 15. [21] ‘Odontological Trans.,’ 1887, p. 105. [22] ‘Bull. de Soc. Anat. de Paris,’ 1886, p. 599. [23] ‘Bull. de Soc. de Chir.,’ 1860, ii, p. 642. [24] ‘Bull. Gén. de Thérapeutique,’ 1862, lxii, pp. 13, 66. [25] Op. cit. [26] ‘Wien. klin. Wochen.,’ 1889, ii, p. 520. [27] ‘Dict. de Sci. Méd. de Paris,’ viii, p. 642. [28] Wölfler, ‘Langenbeck’s Archiv,’ 1890, xl, p. 795. [29] ‘Gaz. des Hôpit.,’ 1870, liv. [30] Parisé, ‘Bull. Gén. de Thérapeut. de Paris,’ 1862, lxiii, p. 269. [31] Demarquay, ‘Bull. de Soc. de Chir.,’ Paris, 1869, 25, ix, p. 111. [32] ‘Brit. Med. Journ.,’ 1863, i, p. 412. [33] Manley, ‘New York Med. Journ.,’ June 15th, 1889. [34] Kölliker, “Über das Os intermax., &c.,” ‘Nova Acta der Leopold Akad.,’ Halle, 1882, p. 343. [35] ‘Deutsche Zeitsch. für Chirurg.,’ 1885, p. 205. [36] ‘Congrès Franc. de Chir.,’ 1888, p. 480. [37] Op. cit., p. 5. [38] ‘Insanity,’ p. 442. [39] ‘Brit. Med. Journ.,’ 1889, ii, 1272; 1890, ii, 447. [40] ‘Trans. Odontological Soc.,’ 1872, vol. iv. [41] ‘On Oral Deformities.’ [42] For this chapter I am indebted to the pen of my colleague, Mr. Carless. [43] Sudduth, in ‘American System of Dentistry,’ vol. i, p. 648. [44] Galen, ‘De Usu Partium,’ lib. ix, cap. 20; and ‘De Ossium Naturâ,’ cap. 3, p. 14. [45] Nesbitt, ‘Human Osteogeny,’ London, 1736, pp. 90, 91. [46] Goethe, ‘Sammtliche Werke,’ in 36 vols., Cotta, 1868; vol. xxxii, p. 159. [47] Vicq d’Azyr, ‘Œuvres,’ iv, p. 159. [48] ‘Philosophical Trans.,’ 1869, p. 166. [49] Gilis, ‘Bull. de Soc. Anat. de Paris,’ 1888, p. 372. [50] The dotted line from _e_ is erroneously prolonged a little beyond the suture. [51] ‘Virchow’s Archiv,’ Bd. cxi, i, p. 125; ‘Anat. Anzeiger’ (Breslau), 1888, p. 577.