Carbon, i. 13 allotropism of, i. 15 at variance with the geometrical system of crystallization, i. 15 analogy between carbon and silicon, i. 18 effect of the combination of the atoms of carbon and oxygen in combustion, i. 30 property of the bisulphide of, in the transmission of heat, i. 36 effect of a discharge of the nitric acid electric battery, with carbon balls on the terminals, i. 84 will not combine directly with hydrogen, i. 97 atomic weight of, compared with that of hydrogen, i. 100 spectra of the compounds of carbon, i. 146 bisulphide of, absorption of radiant heat by, i. 40 opacity of, to the invisible rays, i. 65 in coal gas, i. 118 how freed from coal gas, i. 118 Carbonic acid gas, i. 14 reduced to a solid, i. 15 weight of the atoms of, compared with those of hydrogen, i. 99 absorption of radiant heat by, i. 41 how freed from coal gas, i. 118 one of the illuminants in coal gas, i. 118 Carbonic oxide, absorption of radiant heat by, i. 41 action of different thicknesses of, on radiant heat, i. 48 the poisonous quality of coal gas, i. 118 Carcinus mœnas, structure and reproduction of, ii. 192, 195 moulting and power of reproducing limbs, ii. 197 Cardium, or cockle, structure and mode of reproduction of, ii. 230, 231 Carpenteria, structure and habitat of the, ii. 57 a link between the Foraminifera and the sponges, ii. 57 Carrigeen, or Irish moss, structure and mode of reproduction of, i. 235, 236 Caryophyllia Smithii, its formidable artillery, ii. 133, 134 structure and development of, ii. 134, 135 Caryophyllia Smithii, locomotion of, ii. 135 Caseine, or cheese, used as a mordant, i. 125 obtained also from pease and beans, i. 125 formation and structure of, in vegetable organisms, i. 423 Cassava, or Manihot, food obtained from the, i. 426 Cassis, or helmet shells, structure of, ii. 234 Catalysis, effect of, on molecular arrangement, i. 91 instances of, i. 91, 92 Catasetum, structure and mode of reproduction of, i. 601 Caterpillars, fungus destructive of, i. 282 Caulerpas, where found, i. 219 Celidium, organs of reproduction of, i. 307 Cellipora, structure of, ii. 218 Cells, vegetable. _See_ Vegetation Cellulose, produced by plants, i. 419 Cellularia ciliata, structure of, ii. 219, 220 Cephalopoda, naked, characters of, ii. 245 Ceramiaceæ, beauty and habitat of, i. 231 characters of the genus, i. 232 Ceramium ciliatum, structure and organs of reproduction of, i. 232 Ceratopteridineæ, or Parkeriaceæ, characters, structure, and habitat of the group, i. 345, 363 Cerealia, the grasses from whence they were derived unknown, i. 383 Cestum Veneris, structure and mode of reproduction of, ii. 103 Ceterach, characters of the genus, i. 354 structure and mode of reproduction of, i. 354 brought by ocean currents to Europe, i. 355