Lithium, i. 3 spectrum analysis of, i. 133 existence of lithium in all three kingdoms of nature, i. 134 spectrum analysis of the rarefied vapour of, i. 142 effect of high temperature, i. 142, 143 chloride of, spectrum of, i. 146 Litmus, or orchil, from what obtained, i. 124, 303 Lituola, structure of the genus, ii. 37 Lituolidæ, characters of the family of, ii. 36, 37 Liver worts. _See_ Hepaticæ Lobophylla angulosa, structure of, ii. 135, 136 Locomotion of some diatoms, i. 204 Lo-hao, a Chinese green dye, i. 124 Loligo vulgare, or squid, structure of, ii. 245, 246 Lomaria, characters of the genus, i. 357 Lomariopsis, characters of, i. 360 Loxades bursaria, structure of, ii. 72 Loxades bursaria, mode of propagation of, ii. 75 Lucifer, characters of the genus, ii. 200 matches, i. 17 Luminosity of the medusæ in warm seas, ii. 99 of Annelida, ii. 160 of Pyrosomidæ, ii. 226 Lycoperdon giganteum, structure, habitat, and fructification of, i. 267 Lycoperdon, structure and fructification of, i. 267 Lycopodiaceæ, or club mosses, characters of, i. 373 habitat and fructification of, i. 373, 374 uses to which they have been applied, i. 374 Lycopodium, or wolf’s-claw, characters of the genus, i. 374 Lycopodium clavatum, structure and habitat of, i. 374 inflammability of the dried spores of, i. 374 Lycopodium inundatum, structure and habitat of, i. 374 Lygodium articulatum, structure of, i. 363 Lymnæa, or pond snail, distoma of the, ii. 146 M Macrocystis pyrifera, structure, habitat, and fructification of, i. 250 Macrura, characters of the, ii. 189 fossil remains of, ii. 211 Madder, dyes obtained from, i. 124, 125 Magenta, or aniline red, Dr. Hofmann’s discovery of, i. 122 how produced, i. 122 purple dye produced by mixing it with aniline, i. 123 Magnesium, i. 3, 4 spectrum of, i. 65 spectrum analysis of the rarefied vapour of, i. 142 shown to be one of the metals existing in the sun, i. 151-153 spectrum of the light of a magnesium flame, i. 153, 154 its use in photography, i. 154