On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)Somerville, Mary
History
On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)
Somerville, Mary
Matter -- Constitution; Microscopy; Natural history
The polypites which digest the food are vermiform double sacs
communicating at one end by a valve with the canal in the body of the
animal; and at the free end they are prolonged into a mouth with an
everted lip, and the digesting apparatus lies in the centre. Each
polypite is supplied with food by its own fishing-line descending from a
point close to where the polypite is fixed to the long axis. It is a
long, tubular, branched tentacle, each branch ending in a coloured,
pear-shaped, or fusiform battery of thread-cells with their stings. A
gelatinous plate is placed on the upper side of the common axis
immediately over the isolated groups, to protect and separate them.
Such are some of the most general characters of the family Diphyidæ: the
Praya diphys has something peculiar to itself.
In the Praya, each individual group has a swimming-bell of its own
adjacent to the polypite, and lying parallel to the axis of the animal,
with its mouth turned backwards. It is connected by tubes both with the
general central canal, and with a helmet-shaped protecting plate. On the
other side of the polypite, there is a tuft of vermiform buds with
spiral terminations, bristled with thread-cells. From the centre of this
tuft a tentacle, or fishing-line, descends with numerous branches, the
whole forming a tubular system connected with the common canal in the
axis. Each of the branches of the tentacle terminates in a
vermilion-coloured tendril, coiled up into a minute capsule. The inside
of the tendril is not only bristled with the points of sabre-shaped
darts, but it conceals a filament crowded with thread-cells. On the
slightest touch, the tendril stretches out like a corkscrew of red
coral, and every dart springs forth. Such is, more or less, the
complicated structure of the offensive and defensive weapons of many of
this order of oceanic Hydrozoa, which appear to the naked eye as merely
brightly-coloured points. The use of these tentacles, or fishing-lines,
is the same in all; they seize, kill, and carry their victims to the
mouth of the polypite by contracting their long lines.
In the Praya, the groups are individualized in the highest degree
consistent with union; for, when the animal is at rest, each of the
individual groups, amounting to thirty or forty, swims about by means of
its little bell independent of the rest. Their motions can be compared
to nothing but a troop of jugglers performing gymnastic exercises round
a cord represented by the common body of the animal; except for
adherence to which the life and will of each group are so perfectly
independent, that the mutual dependence of the whole is only seen when
the common trunk contracts to bring all its appendages towards the two
principal bells, which then begin to move.[25]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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