On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)Somerville, Mary
History
On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)
Somerville, Mary
Matter -- Constitution; Microscopy; Natural history
There are as many polypites on the under-side of the bulb as there are
red worm-like sacs on its upper edge. Each polypite consists of three
distinct parts. The posterior part is a hollow red stalk inserted under
the circumference of the disk; the second part is a bright yellow
globular expansion containing the digestive cavity lined with cilia; the
third and anterior part, which ends with the mouth, is quite colourless
and transparent, and assumes various shapes by constant expansion and
contraction.
At the limit between the red stalk and the yellow globular part of the
polypites there is a tuft of cylindrical appendages, from which a long
tentacle descends with its secondary tentacles and red nettle-bulbs. All
the canals of this Physophora are connected, and their walls are lined
with muscular fibres, either circular, longitudinal, or both, which give
a marvellous contractile and motive power. When the animal is suspended
from the surface of the sea by its float, every member is in motion,
especially the numerous tentacles, which are perpetually in search of
food, and are so extremely sensitive that even a sudden motion of the
water makes them shrink under the red worm-like organs on the edge of
the disk. This animal is generally from one to three inches long.
All the preceding members of the physograde group are really
campanograde, for the action of the wind upon the floats of the
Physophoridæ must be small, otherwise they would not be furnished with
so many swimming cups. The Physaliidæ and Velellidæ are the only two
orders that are truly physograde, for the wind is their only locomotive
power.
The Physalia, or ‘Spanish man-of-war’ of sailors, is by far the most
formidable animal of the Acalephæ tribe; its poisonous stings, which
burn like fire, inflict instant death on the inferior animals, and give
painful wounds to man himself. Its body, as it floats, is a long
horizontal double sac (fig. 121), which begins with a blunt point,
gradually enlarges, and becomes cylindrical about the middle; then it
somewhat suddenly widens in a transverse or lateral direction. Along the
upper surface of the pointed half the membrane or wall of the sac is
raised into a transversely placed crest, which dies away at the enlarged
end. The greater part of the body is smooth, but the under-surface of
the transversely enlarged end swells into lobes, from whence numerous
tentacles and other organs descend.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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