[482] _Hom._ III., _On Ezechiel_. [483] _On the Trinity_, xii. 12. [484] _Hom._ III., _On Ezechiel_. [485] _Hom._ XIV., _On Ezechiel_. [486] ii. 1, 2. [487] _Moralia in Job_, vi. 17. [488] _Moralia_, vi. 17. [489] _Ibid._, vi. 37. [490] Ps. xvi. 6-9. QUESTION CLXXXVI ON THE RELIGIOUS STATE Are Contemplative Orders superior to Active Orders? Are Contemplative Orders superior to Active Orders? The Lord declared that Mary's was _the best part_, and she is the type of the contemplative life.[491] Religious Orders differ from one another primarily according to the ends they have in view, but secondarily according to the works they practise. And since one thing cannot be said to be superior to another save by reason of the differences between them, it will follow that the superiority of one Religious Order to another must depend primarily upon their respective ends, secondarily upon the works they practise. And these two grounds of comparison are not of equal value; for the comparison between them from the point of view of their respective ends is an absolute one, since an end is sought for its own sake; whereas the comparison arising from their respective works is a relative one, since works are not done for their own sake but for the sake of the end to be gained. Consequently one Religious Order is superior to another if its end is absolutely a superior one, either as being in itself a greater good, or as being of wider scope. On the supposition, however, that the ends of any two Orders are the same, then the superiority of one to the other can be gauged, not by the quantity of works they undertake, but by the proportion these bear to the end in view. Thus it is that we find introduced into the _Conferences of the Fathers_[492] the opinion of S. Antony, who preferred that discretion by which a man moderates all things to fasts and watchings and similar observances. The works, then, of the active life are twofold. There is one which springs from the fulness of contemplation: teaching, for example, and preaching. Whence S. Gregory says[493]: "It is said of perfect men that on their return from contemplation: _They shall pour forth the memory of Thy sweetness._" And this is preferable to simple contemplation. For just as it is a greater thing to shed light than to be full of light, so is it a greater thing to spread abroad the fruits of our contemplation than merely to contemplate. And the second work of the active life is that which wholly consists in external occupation, such as giving alms, receiving guests, etc. And such works are inferior to the works of contemplation, except it be in some case of necessity.