On the Connexion of the Physical SciencesSomerville, Mary
Science
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
Somerville, Mary
Physical sciences; Science
nature may perhaps admit of answer in a more advanced state of our
knowledge; but at present there is none obvious. It is not without
reason, therefore, that the question, ‘What becomes of light?’ which
appears to have been agitated among the photologists of the last
century, has been regarded as one of considerable importance as well as
obscurity by the corpuscular philosophers. On the other hand, the answer
to this question, afforded by the undulatory theory of light, is simple
and distinct. The question, ‘What becomes of light?’ merges in the more
general one, ‘What becomes of motion?’ And the answer, on dynamical
principles, is, that it continues for ever. No motion is, strictly
speaking, annihilated; but it may be divided, and the divided parts made
to oppose and _in effect_ destroy one another. A body struck, however
perfectly elastic, vibrates for a time, and then appears to sink into
its original repose. But this apparent rest (even abstracting from the
inquiry that part of the motion which may be conveyed away by the
ambient air) is nothing else than a state of subdivided and mutually
destroying motion, in which every molecule continues to be agitated by
an indefinite multitude of internally reflected waves, propagated
through it in every possible direction, from every point in its surface
on which they successively impinge. The superposition of such waves
will, it is easily seen, at length operate their mutual destruction,
which will be the more complete the more irregular the figure of the
body, and the greater the number of internal reflections.” Thus Sir John
Herschel, by referring the absorption of light to the subdivision and
mutual destruction of the vibrations of ether in the interior of bodies,
brings another class of phenomena under the laws of the undulatory
theory.
According to Mr. Rankin’s hypothesis of Molecular Vortices[10] the
absorption of light and radiant heat consists in the transference of
motion from the molecules to their atmospheres, and conversely the
emission of light and radiant heat is the transmission of motion from
the atmospheres to the molecules. The great velocity of light and heat
is a natural consequence of this hypothesis, according to which the
vibratory masses must be extremely small compared with the forces
exerted by them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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