On the Connexion of the Physical SciencesSomerville, Mary
Science
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
Somerville, Mary
Physical sciences; Science
Some circumstances that occurred during the analysis of the chemical
spectrum seem to indicate an absorptive action in the sun’s atmosphere.
The spectral image impressed on paper prepared with nitrate of silver
and Rochelle salt commenced at, or very little below, the mean yellow
ray, of a delicate lead colour; and when the action was arrested, such
was the character of the whole photographic spectrum. But, when the
light of the solar spectrum was allowed to continue its action, there
was observed to come on suddenly a new and much more intense impression
of darkness, confined in length to the blue and violet rays; and, what
is most remarkable, confined also in breadth to the middle of the sun’s
image, so far at least as to leave a border of the lead-coloured
spectrum traceable, not only round the clear and well-defined convexity
of the dark interior spectrum at the less refrangible end, but also
laterally along both its edges; and this border was the more easily
traced, and less liable to be mistaken, from its striking contrast of
colour with the interior spectrum, the former being lead gray, the
latter an extremely rich deep velvety brown. The less refrangible end of
this interior brown spectrum presented a sharply terminated and
regularly elliptical contour, the more refrangible a less decided one.
“It may seem too hazardous,” Sir John continues, “to look for the cause
of this very singular phenomenon in a real difference between the
chemical agencies of those rays which issue from the central portion of
the sun’s disc, and those which, emanating from its borders, have
undergone the absorptive action of a much greater depth of its
atmosphere; and yet I confess myself somewhat at a loss what other cause
to assign for it. It must suffice, however, to have thrown out the hint,
remarking only, that I have other, and I am disposed to think decisive,
evidence of the existence of an absorptive solar atmosphere extending
beyond the luminous one.” M. Arago observed that the rays from the
centre of the sun have a greater photographic power than those from the
edges, and the photographic images of the sun, taken on glass by M.
Niepcé, were blood-red, much deeper in the centre, and on one occasion
the image was surrounded by an auriol. Several circumstances concur in
showing that there are influences also concerned in the transmission of
the photographic action which have not yet been explained, as, for
example, the influence which the time of the day exercises on the
rapidity with which photographic impressions are made, the sun being
much less effective two hours after passing the meridian than two hours
before. There is also reason to suspect that the effect in some way
depends on the latitude, since a much longer time is required to obtain
an image under the bright skies of the tropics than in England; and it
is even probable that there is a difference in the sun’s light in high
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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