On the Connexion of the Physical SciencesSomerville, Mary
Science
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
Somerville, Mary
Physical sciences; Science
Since heat is polarized in the same manner as light, it may be expected
that polarized heat transmitted through doubly refracting substances
should be separated into two pencils, polarized in planes at right
angles to each other; and that when received on an analyzing plate they
should interfere and produce invisible phenomena, perfectly analogous to
those described in Section XXII. with regard to light (N. 221).
It was shown, in the same section, that if light polarized by reflection
from a pane of glass be viewed through a plate of tourmaline, with its
longitudinal section vertical, an obscure cloud, with its centre wholly
dark, is seen on the glass. When, however, a plate of mica uniformly
about the thirteenth of an inch in thickness is interposed between the
tourmaline and the glass, the dark spot vanishes, and a succession of
very splendid colours are seen; and, as the mica is turned round in a
plane perpendicular to the polarized ray, the light is stopped when the
plane containing the optic axis of the mica is parallel or perpendicular
to the plane of polarization. Now, instead of light, if heat from a
non-luminous source be polarized in the manner described, it ought to be
transmitted and stopped by the interposed mica under the same
circumstances under which polarized light would be transmitted or
stopped. Professor Forbes found that this is really the case, whether he
employed heat from luminous or non-luminous sources: and he had
evidence, also, of circular and elliptical polarization of heat. It
therefore follows, that if heat were visible, under similar
circumstances we should see figures perfectly similar to those given in
Note 213, and those following; and, as these figures are formed by the
interference of undulations of light, it may be inferred that heat, like
light, is propagated by undulations of the ethereal medium, which
interfere under certain conditions, and produce figures analogous to
those of light. It appears also, from Mr. Forbes’s experiments, that the
undulations of heat are longer than the undulations of light; and it has
already been mentioned that Professor Draper considers them to be
normal, like those of sound.
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