On the Connexion of the Physical SciencesSomerville, Mary
Science
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
Somerville, Mary
Physical sciences; Science
The action of Voltaic electricity differs in some respects materially
from that of the ordinary kind. When a quantity of common electricity is
accumulated, the restoration of equilibrium is attended by an
instantaneous violent explosion, accompanied by the development of
light, heat, and sound. The concentrated power of the electricity forces
its way through every obstacle, disrupting and destroying the cohesion
of the particles of the bodies through which it passes, and occasionally
increasing its destructive effects by the conversion of fluids into
steam from the intensity of the momentary heat, as when trees are torn
to pieces by a stroke of lightning. Even the vivid light which marks the
path of the electricity is probably owing in part to the sudden
compression of the air and the rapidity of its passage. But the instant
equilibrium is restored by this energetic action the whole is at an end.
On the contrary, when an accumulation takes place in a Voltaic battery,
equilibrium is restored the moment the circuit is completed. But so far
is the electric stream from being exhausted, that it continues to flow
silently and invisibly in an uninterrupted current supplied by a
perpetual reproduction. And, although its action on bodies is neither so
sudden nor so intense as that of common electricity, yet it acquires
such power from constant accumulation and continued action, that it
ultimately surpasses the energy of the other. The two kinds of
electricity differ in no circumstance more than in the development of
heat. Instead of a momentary evolution, the circulation of the Voltaic
electricity is accompanied by a continued development of heat, lasting
as long as the circuit is complete, without producing either light or
sound. Its intensity from a very powerful battery is greater than that
of any heat that can be obtained by artificial means, so that it fuses
substances which resist the action of the most powerful furnaces. The
temperature of every part of a Voltaic battery itself is raised during
its activity. With the greater number of metals Mr. Grove found that the
positive terminal or pole is hotter than the negative.
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