free from the defects which it has found in other systems. How far it contributes to the determination of the ethical end will form the subject of investigation in the following chapters. FOOTNOTES: [115] Cf. Miss Cobbe, in 'Darwinism in Morals, and other Essays' (1872), p. 5. [116] Methods of Ethics, III. i. 4, 3d ed., p. 211. [117] Cf. Professor F. Pollock, "Evolution and Ethics"--Mind, i. pp. 335 ff. Apart from the bearing of a utilitarian test on inherited instincts, to which Mr Pollock refers, I have tried to show what meaning they will have for the evolutionist who judges them solely from the point of view of his theory. [118] Traité des sensations, Œuvres (1798), vol. iii. [119] It is to a condition of this sort that a phrase such as Clifford's "tribal self" (Lectures and Essays, ii. 111) would apply. [120] Cf. Spencer, Principles of Sociology, i. 479. [121] Cf. Barratt, "Ethics and Politics"--Mind, ii. 453 ff. [122] Cf. Stephen, Science of Ethics, p. 113. [123] Wealth of Nations, book iv. ch. ii. [124] Data of Ethics, chap. xiii. [125] Stephen, Science of Ethics, p. 155; cf. Spencer, Data of Ethics, p. 120. [126] Stephen, Science of Ethics, p. 226. [127] Science of Ethics, p. 263. [128] Cf. Ibid., p. 442. [129] Data of Ethics, p. 253 [130] Science of Ethics, p. 349. [131] F. Y. Edgeworth, Old and New Methods of Ethics (1877), p. 11. [132] Cf. A. Barratt, Mind, iii. 280. [133] Data of Ethics, chap. xii. [134] Physical Ethics, p. 12. [135] Ibid., p. 17. [136] In the word "due" an idea of worth is involved. Probably Mr Barratt meant by "due performance" one which made the faculty correspond with its medium (cf. Physical Ethics, p. 9); but this introduces a new standard of value.