2. "Theophili, qui et Rugerus, Presbyteri et Monachi, Libri III. de Diversis Artibus; seu Diversarum Artium Schedula. (An Essay upon Various Arts, in Three Books, by Theophilus, called also Rugerus, Priest and Monk, forming an Encyclopaedia of Christian Art of the Eleventh Century." Translated, with Notes, by Robert Hendrie.) London, 1847. [14] "A Critical Essay on Oil-Painting," London, 1781. [15] "The mediaeval painters were so accustomed to this appearance in varnishes, and considered it so indispensable, that they even supplied the tint when it did not exist. Thus Cardanus observes that when white of eggs was used as a varnish, it was customary to tinge it with red lead."--_Eastlake_, p. 270. [16] "Si je dis tant de mal de la peinture flamande, ce n'est pas qu'elle soit entierement mauvaise, mais elle veut _rendre avec perfection_ tant de choses, dont une seule suffirait par son importance, qu'elle n'en fait aucune d'une maniere satisfaisante." This opinion of M. Angelo's is preserved by Francisco de Ollanda, quoted by Comte Raczynski, "Les Arts en Portugal," Paris, 1846. [17] "Arte de Pintura." Sevilla, 1649. [18] The preparations of Hemling, at Bruges, we imagine to have been in water-color, and perhaps the picture was carried to some degree of completion in this material. Van Mander observes that Van Eyck's dead colorings "were cleaner and sharper than the finished works of other painters." [19] [See _Stones of Venice_, vol. iii. Venetian Index, _s._ Rocco, Scuola di San, Sec. 20, _Temptation_.--ED. 1899.] [20] _Art Journal_, March 1849.--ED. [21] We do not mean under this term to include the drawings of professed oil-painters, as of Stothard or Turner. [22] _Cornhill Magazine_, March, 1860.--ED. [23] As showing gigantic power of hand, joined with utmost accuracy and rapidity, the folds of drapery under the breast of the Virgin are, perhaps, as marvelous a piece of work as could be found in any picture, of whatever time or master. [24] The reader must observe that I use the word here in a limited sense, as meaning only the effect of careful education, good society, and refined habits of life, on average temper and character. Of deep and true gentlemanliness--based as it is on intense sensibility and sincerity, perfected by courage, and other qualities of race; as well as of that union of insensibility with cunning, which is the essence of vulgarity, I shall have to speak at length in another place. [25] Museum of Berlin. [26] Of 1,200 Swiss, who fought by that brookside, ten only returned. The battle checked the attack of the French, led by Louis XI. (then Dauphin) in 1444; and was the first of the great series of efforts and victories which were closed at Nancy by the death of Charles of Burgundy. [27] Pinacothek of Munich. * * * * * ART. II. PRE-RAPHAELITISM. ITS PRINCIPLES, AND TURNER. (_Pamphlet_, 1851.) ITS THREE COLORS. (_Nineteenth Century, Nov.-Dec. 1878._)