_ 14 Od._ iv. 197. _Cf._ _Il._ xvi. 455. ἔνδα ἑ ταρχύσουσι κασίγνητοι τε ἔται τε τύμβῳ τε στήλῃ τε: τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐστὶ θανόντων. 15 The speculative state of mind displayed in the _Iliad_ may be illustrated from the effect on Achilles of the apparition of Patroklos after death in a dream. As he wakes suddenly the conviction comes upon him:—“Ay me, there remaineth then even in the house of Hades a spirit and phantom of the dead, albeit the life be not anywise therein: for all night long hath the spirit of hapless Patroklos stood over me, wailing and making moan, and charged me everything that I should do, and wondrous like his living self it seemed.” _Il._ xxiii, 113 &c. M11 Offerings to the dead in the Old Testament. 16 Ps. cvi. 28. _v._ Maine’s _Early Law and Custom_, p. 59. M12 Resemblance between Homer and the Old Testament. 17 1 Sam. xx. 6. Θυσία τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκεῖ ὅλῃ τῇ φυλῇ. M13 Ancestor-worship in India and Rome. 18 Soph. _Antig._ 659. 19 Coulanges, _Cité Antique_, p. 65. 20 Soph. _Antig._ 199. 21 Soph. _Phil._ 933. Soph. _Elekt._ 411. M14 The need of food for the dead; 22 Aesch. _Pers._ 609-618. The speaker in this case is a Persian and a woman; but many passages might be quoted from the Greek poets. _Cf._ Lucian, _De Luctu_, 9. Τρέφονται δὲ ἄρα ταῖς παρ᾽ ἡμῖν χοαῖς καὶ τοῖς καθαγιζομένοις ἐπὶ τῶν τάφων: ὡς εἴ τῳ μὴ εἴη καταλελειμμένος ὑπὲρ γῆς φίλος ἥ συγγενὴς, ἄσιτος οὗτος νεκρὸς καὶ λιμώττων ἐν αὐτοῖς πολιτεύεται. M15 the same in Egypt, 23 Edited by C. H. S. Davis (Putnam, 1894). _ 24 Id._ chap. liii. _ 25 Id._ chap. lxxii. _ 26 Id._ chap. lxxvii. M16 and in India. M17 Ancestor-worship not necessarily post-Homeric. _ 27 Cité Antique_, p. 93, ἑστία δέσποινα. M18 The hearth and the tie of common blood. M19 Possible course of social development. M20 The change of tribesmen into citizens. _ 28 Wks. & Days_, 327-332. _ 29 Id._ 353-5. M21 The study of the family introductory to the history of the tribe. M22 The duties of the individual to his οἶκος, M23 began with his living parents; _ 30 Laws_ § 717, Trans. Jowett, _cf._ 729 C and 931 A. M24 and extended to their tomb. 31 Arist, _Ath. Pol._ lv. 3. Isaeus, viii. 32. “The law commands us to maintain (τρέφειν) our parents even if they have nothing to leave us.” _Cf._ Ruth iv. 15 διαθρέψαι τὴν πολιάν σου. _Iliad_ iv. 477 and xvii. 302. ... οὐδὲ τοκεῦσιν θρέπτα φίλοις ἀπέδωκε... Hesiod, _Works and Days_, 118. οὐδέ κεν οἵγε γηράντεσσι τοκεῦσιν ἀπὸ θρεπτήρια δοῖεν χειροδίκαι. 32 Plato, _Laws_, 877 C. 33 Aeschin. _c. Timarch._ § 13. 34 Isaeus, iv. 19 (_Nicostrat._). M25 Continuity of the family; M26 in the _Ordinances of Manu_;