Insect-aberration, perhaps a universal fact, 16, 17, 18. _Insulae Fortunatae_ of Juba, probably the Canarian Group, 141. Ireland, poverty of the fauna of, 52, 53; the south-west of, has something in common with Madeira, 139. Islands, faunas of, often too greatly magnified, 70; the species of, generally more isolated in their structure than those of continents, 177. Isolation, effects of, on insect-stature, 71. Ixias, their concentration in Southern Africa, 142. Kangaroos, their concentration in Australia, 142. Kerguelen's Land, insects of, 86. Kirby, Rev. W., on insects washed up on the Suffolk coast, 147. _Laemophloe us pusillus_, Schoenh., unaffected by climate, 31. _Lamprias chlorocephalus_, Ent. H., two distinct sizes of, frequently indicated, 105. _Laparocerus morio_, Schoenh., large size of, on one of the Madeira Islands, 88. Latitude and altitude, sometimes reciprocal, 35. _Leistus montanus_, Steph., has been supposed to be equal to _L. fulvibarbis_, 40. _Lemur_, its peculiarity to Madagascar, 143. _Litargus_, common to Madeira and Sicily, 139. _Lixus angustatus_, Fabr., unaffected by climate, 31. Localities, some naturally more productive than others, 53, 54. _Longitarsus_, the native species of, apterous in Madeira, 82. _Loricera_, apterous in Madeira, 82. Lowe, Rev. R. T., his capture of the _Deucalion Desertarum_, 127. Lundy Island, smallness of the insects in, 58, 59; occurrence of the Black Rat in, 178. _Lycaena Phloe as_, Linn., darker in Madeira than in England, 34. Lyell, Sir Charles, on _Helix hirsuta_, 106; on the fossil period of the Madeiran _Helices_, 129; on insects washed up on the shore, 148; on the effect of gales in the transportation of insects, 148; on the effects of a volcanic eruption in destroying species, 179; on the flexible nature of certain animals and plants, 187; on the greater differences which varieties often present than do species, 193. _Lygaeus brevipennis_, Latr., on the development of the wings of, 101. _Macronota_, its peculiarity to Java, 143. Madeira, has some features in common with Tierra del Fuego, 48, 49, 50, 51; former state of, 48, 49; great fire on the southern side of, 49; origin of the name of, 50; the insects of, 55; the tendency of its insects to become apterous, 82; the migratory direction of its insect population, 119; the local nature of its various species, 152, 153. Magnolias, their concentration in Central America, 142. Malta, Mr. Gould on the birds of, 102. _Malthodes Kiesenwetteri_, Woll., perhaps a state of _M. brevicollis_, 66. Man, agency of, in the destruction of species, 179. _Mantura Chrysanthemi_, Ent. H., variability of, in Lundy Island, 59. _Marsupialia_, their concentration in Australia, 142. Mesembryanthemums, their concentration in Southern Africa, 142.