(1) Subject the bacteria to extreme heat which will kill them-- (_a_) Burn everything that can be burned. (_b_) Boil bed and body linen. (_c_) Scald dishes. (_d_) Scald or bake utensils. (2) Use chemicals to destroy the germs-- (_a_) Use chemical solutions to wash surfaces, materials, or utensils. (_b_) Seal the rooms and burn chemicals to produce vapours which will destroy bacteria. NOTE.--Directions for the use of chemicals are given under the lesson on "Home Nursing". HOME NURSING This part of the work does not require a special equipment, though it is an advantage to have one. An ingenious teacher, with the co-operation of her pupils, will invent plans for providing whatever is necessary for demonstration. Pupils living near the school can supply many of the needed materials. A doll and doll's bed may be used to teach bed making and the changing of bed-clothing while the patient is in bed. The doll may also be used to illustrate the method of giving a patient a bath in bed and of changing the body clothing, if such information is desired. In some cases, a manual training pupil might construct the bed, and the sewing class the mattress, bed-clothing, and doll's underwear. If this were the property of the school, the girls could take turns in making the bed every day and in laundering the clothing at home once a week. It is desirable that the instruction in home nursing be given in two lessons. These may be outlined as follows: LESSON I THE SICK ROOM 1. Location.--The room should be on the sunny side of the house and be as large and airy as possible. The top floor is quieter, but necessitates many steps. 2. Furniture.--All furniture should admit of easy cleaning. Small rugs are better than a carpet, as they can be easily removed for cleaning. In infectious diseases, only bare necessities should be kept in the room. The bed should be single and placed so as to be accessible from both sides. It should be high enough to prevent the nurse stooping. The bed-clothing should be of light weight and washable. A bedside table should be provided, also a couch for the nurse. A screen will be found useful to prevent draughts and to shade the light. 3. Ventilation.--A thermometer should be used, and the temperature kept at 65 degrees to 68 degrees, or, in special diseases, according to the doctor's orders. An abundant supply of fresh air should be provided day and night. To secure this, there must be two openings, one to admit pure, fresh air, and the other to let out the impure air. These openings are preferably on opposite sides of the room and at different heights. If there is only one window, it should be made to open at both top and bottom. In extreme cases, an adjoining room may be aired and, after the fresh air is warm, it may be admitted to the sick room.