Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Nature StudyOntario. Department of Education
Science
Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Nature Study
Ontario. Department of Education
Nature study; Science -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- Ontario
Art: Clay-modelling and drawing exercises on the whole plant, and also
upon the ear.
Literature: Interpretation and reading of "Blessing the Corn-fields",
from _Hiawatha_.
History: The name Indian corn originated in the early colonial days of
the Eastern and Central States, when the pioneers obtained corn from the
Indians. The Indians showed the settlers how to kill the trees by
girdling and how to plant the corn among the standing trunks, and thus
have corn ready for roasting by August, and for grinding into meal or
for boiling to make hominy by September.
SEED DISPERSAL
The lessons on seed dispersal which were begun in Form I should be
continued in this Form.
I. LESSON
Select a few weeds belonging to species which produce large numbers of
seeds, such as wild mustard, white cockle, false-flax, etc. Distribute
the seed pods among the pupils of the class and require them to estimate
the number of seeds produced by each plant.
By references to observations made in the garden, help the pupils to
recall the bad results, both to parent plants and to young seedlings, of
improper scattering of seeds, namely:
1. The excessive crowding and shading, which causes the plants to become
weak.
2. Insufficient food and moisture for the large number of plants, which
causes the plants to be small and worthless.
Discuss how the crowding of cultivated plants is prevented and, in a
general way, how nature provides for the scattering of seeds.
The great work of the plant is the production and dispersal of its
seeds.
Ask the pupils to be on the alert to find examples of plants in which
provision is made for the dispersal of the seeds, and to bring these
plants to the class for the next lesson.
DETAILED STUDY OF SEED DISPERSAL
II. CLASS-ROOM LESSON
Make use of the specimens gathered by the pupils and by the teacher for
observing and classifying as follows:
1. Seeds that steal rides. Examples--burdock, blue burr, pitch-fork
weed, barley, stick-tight, hound's tongue.
2. Seeds that are carried in edible fruits which have attractive
colours, tastes, etc. Examples--apple, grape, cherry, rowan, hawthorn.
3. Seeds that are carried by the wind. Examples--dandelion, thistle,
milkweed, maple, pine, elm.
4. Seeds that are scattered by being shot from bursting pods.
Examples--violet, jewel-weed (touch-me-not), sweet-pea, witch-hazel.
5. Seeds that are scattered by plants which are rolled along by the
wind. Examples--Russian thistle, tumble-mustard, tumble-grass.
6. Seeds that float. Very many seeds float, although not specially
fitted for floating, and some, such as the cocoa-nut and water-lily, are
especially adapted for dispersal by water.
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