Ontology, or the Theory of BeingCoffey, P. (Peter)
Philosophy
Ontology, or the Theory of Being
Coffey, P. (Peter)
Ontology
When we say that substance exists “_in_ itself,” obviously we do
not attach to the preposition “_in_” any _local_ signification, as
a part existing “in” the whole. Nor do we mean that they exist
“in” themselves in the same sense as they have their being “in”
God. In a certain true sense all creatures exist “in” God: _In
ipso enim vivimus, et movemur, et sumus_ (Acts xxii., 28), in the
sense that they are kept in being by His omnipresent conserving
power. But He does not sustain them as a subject in which they
inhere, as substance sustains the accidents which determine it,
thereby giving expression to its concrete actuality.(247) By
saying that substance exists “in itself” we mean to exclude the
notion of its existing “in another” thing, as an accident does.
And this we shall understand better by examining a little more
closely this peculiar mode of being which characterizes accidents.
65. THE NATURE OF ACCIDENT. ITS RELATION TO SUBSTANCE. ITS CAUSES.—From
all that has preceded we will have gathered the general notion of
_accident_ as that mode of real being which is found to have its reality,
not by existing in itself, but by affecting, determining, some substance
in which it inheres as in a subject. What do we mean by saying that
accidents _inhere in_ substances as their _subjects_? Here we must at once
lay aside as erroneous the crude conception of something as located
spatially within something else, as contained in container, as _e.g._
water in a vessel; and the equally crude conception of something being in
something else as a part is in the whole, as _e.g._ an arm is in the body.
Such imaginations are wholly misleading.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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