Ontology, or the Theory of BeingCoffey, P. (Peter)
Philosophy
Ontology, or the Theory of Being
Coffey, P. (Peter)
Ontology
Supporters of this view not only admit but maintain that the
entity of a real, existing accident is a “diminished” entity,
inasmuch as it is dependent in a sense in which a really existing
substance is not dependent. They simply deny the Thomist assertion
that substantial and accidental principles cannot combine to form
a real and natural unit, an individual being, if each be accorded
an existence appropriate and proportionate to its partial essence;
nor indeed can Thomists _prove_ this assertion. Moreover, if
existence be not _really_ distinct from essence, there is no more
inconvenience in the claim that partial existences can combine to
form one complete existence, _unum esse_, than in the Thomist
claim that partial essences, such as substantial and accidental
constitutive principles, can combine to form one complete essence,
one individual subject of existence. Then, furthermore, it is
urged that the substance exists prior _in time_ to some of its
accidents; that it is prior _in nature_ to its properties, which
are understood to _proceed_ or _flow_ from it; and that therefore
its existence cannot be theirs, any more than its essence can be
theirs. Finally, it is pointed out that since existence is the
actuality of essence, the existence which actualizes a substance
cannot be identical with that which actualizes an accident. At all
events, whether the one existence of the concrete individual
substance as determined by its accidents be as it were a simple
and indivisible existential act, which actualizes the composite
individual subject, as Thomists hold, or whether it be a composite
existential act, really identical with the composite individual
subject, as in the other view,(263) this concrete existence of the
individual is constantly varying with the variation of the
accidents of the individual. This is equally true on either view.
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