Adjutant: French _adjudant_; Latin _adjutant-em_--_adjutare_, to assist. An assistant. An office introduced in the English Army in 1660. Bombardier: from _bombard_, old name of a cannon (_bombo et ardore_, with noise and heat); Latin _bombus_, a humming noise--_ardor_, heat. Captain: French _capitaine_; Late Latin _capitan-us_--_caput_, head. A chief. Captain-General: name of Commander-in-Chief till Marlborough’s time. Probably taken from the Spanish _Capitan-General_. Colonel: French _colonnel_; Italian _colonello_, a little column; Latin _columna_. Column-leader. Cornet: French _cornette_, a hornshaped flag for Cavalry; Latin _cornu_, a horn. Corporal: Old French _corporal_ (16th cent.); Latin _corporalis_, belonging to the body, _corpus_; or, by confusion with _corporalis_, from French _caporal_; Italian _capo di squadra_ or squad-leader, from Latin _caput_, head. General: _i.e._ general officer, or officer with general command over all troops, and not over those of his own Arm only. Généralissime: the Supreme Commander of Armies. A term adopted by Richelieu, and used in France to-day. Lance-Sergeant (or Lance-Corporal): from _lanz pesado_ or dismounted lance, superior to the ordinary infantry with whom he had perforce to march on foot after losing his horse. Lieutenant: French _lieu-tenant_; Latin _locum tenens_. A deputy, of the Captain, the Colonel, or the General. Major: originally Sergeant-Major (17th cent.). Major-General: originally Sergeant-Major-General (17th cent.). Marshal: a farrier. Old French _mareschal_; Low Latin _mariscalcus_; Teutonic _maraschalk_, from _mara_, a battle-horse, and _skalk_, a servant. Officer: French _officier_; Late Latin _officiar-ius_--_officium_. An office-holder. Private: _i.e._ a _private_ man, not an officer (used from 16th cent.). Quarter-Master: a _quarter_, _i.e._ one-fourth of a locality, came to mean generally a _district_, and then a _lodging_ for soldiers assigned to that district. Rank: French _rang_; Old German _hrang_, a ring, and later a row, of men. Sapper: French _sapeur_--_saper_, to dig; Italian _zappa_, a mattock. Sergeant: Old French _serjent_, _servjent_, or _servient_; Latin _servient-em_--_servire_, to serve. Sergeants-at-Arms (_Servientes ad Arma_) were instituted by Richard I. during his Syrian campaign as his personal guard. Soldier: Old French _soldier_; Latin _soldarius_--_solidarius_--_sold-us_, pay--_solidus_, a solid piece. Staff: what the General leans on--a stick; from Aryan root _sta_ = stand. Trumpeter: French _trompeteur_. [See Trumpet.] Yeomen of the Guard: Personal Guard of Henry VII. The first regular military organization in England (1485). 2. VARIETIES OF TROOPS, AND THEIR UNITS AND FORMATIONS