We come back thus by all sorts of ways to the idea that the sweet variety of the orange came from China and Cochin-China, and that it spread into India perhaps towards the beginning of the Christian era. It may have become naturalized from cultivation in many parts of India and in all tropical countries, but we have seen that the seed does not always yield trees bearing sweet fruit. This defect in heredity in certain cases is in support of the theory that the sweet orange was derived from the bitter, at some remote epoch, in China or Cochin-China, and has since been carefully propagated on account of its horticultural value. +Mandarin+—_Citrus nobilis_, Loureiro. This species, characterized by its smaller fruit, uneven on the surface, spherical, but flattened at the top, and of a peculiar flavour, is now prized in Europe as it has been from the earliest times in China and Cochin-China. The Chinese call it _kan_.[916] Rumphius had seen it cultivated in all the Sunda Islands,[917] and says that it was introduced thither from China, but it had not spread into India. Roxburgh and Sir Joseph Hooker do not mention it, but Clarke informs me that its culture has been greatly extended in the district of Khasia. It was new to European gardens at the beginning of the present century, when Andrews published a good illustration of it in the _Botanist’s Repository_ (pl. 608). According to Loureiro,[918] this tree, of average size, grows in Cochin-China, and also, he adds, in China, although he had not seen it in Canton. This is not very precise information as to its wild character, but no other origin can be supposed. According to Kurz,[919] the species is only cultivated in British Burmah. If this is confirmed, its area would be restricted to Cochin-China and a few provinces in China. +Mangosteen+—_Garcinia mangostana_, Linnæus. There is a good illustration in the _Botanical Magazine_, pl. 4847, of this tree, belonging to the order Guttiferæ, of which the fruit is considered one of the best in existence. It demands a very hot climate, for Roxburgh could not make it grow north of twenty-three and a half degrees of latitude in India,[920] and, transported to Jamaica, it bears but poor fruit.[921] It is cultivated in the Sunda Islands, in the Malay Peninsula, and in Ceylon. The species is certainly wild in the forests of the Sunda Islands[922] and of the Malay Peninsula.[923] Among cultivated plants it is one of the most local, both in its origin, habitation, and in cultivation. It belongs, it is true, to one of those families in which the mean area of the species is most restricted. +Mamey+, or +Mammee Apple+—_Mammea Americana_, Jacquin. This tree, of the order Guttiferæ, requires, like the mangosteen, great heat. Although much cultivated in the West Indies and in the hottest parts of Venezuela,[924] its culture has seldom been attempted, or has met with but little success, in Asia and Africa, if we are to judge by the silence of most authors.