This species, taller and with a more woody stock than _C. annuum_, is generally cultivated in the warm regions of both hemispheres. The great part of our so-called Cayenne pepper is made from it, but this name is given also to the product of other peppers. Roxburgh, the author who is most attentive to the origin of Indian plants, does not consider it to be wild in India. Blume says it is naturalized in the Malay Archipelago in hedges.[1442] In America, on the contrary, where its culture is ancient, it has been several times found wild in forests, apparently indigenous. De Martius brought it from the banks of the Amazon, Pœppig from the province of Maynas in Peru, and Blanchet from the province of Bahia.[1443] So that its area extends from Bahia to Eastern Peru, which explains its diffusion over South America generally. +Tomato+—_Lycopersicum esculentum_, Miller. The tomato, or love apple, belongs to a genus of the Solaneæ, of which all the species are American.[1444] It has no name in the ancient languages of Asia, nor even in modern Indian languages.[1445] It was not cultivated in Japan in the time of Thunberg, that is to say a century ago, and the silence of ancient writers on China on this head shows that it is of recent introduction there. Rumphius[1446] had seen it in gardens in the Malay Archipelago. The Malays called it _tomatte_, but this is an American name, for C. Bauhin calls the species _tumatle Americanorum_. Nothing leads us to suppose it was known in Europe before the discovery of America. The first names given to it by botanists in the sixteenth century indicate that they received the plant from Peru.[1447] It was cultivated on the continent of America before it was grown in the West India Islands, for Sloane does not mention it in Jamaica, and Hughes[1448] says it was brought to Barbados from Portugal hardly more than a century ago. Humboldt considered that the cultivation of the tomato was of ancient date in Mexico.[1449] I notice, however, that the earliest work on the plants of this country (Hernandez, _Historia_) makes no mention of it. Neither do the early writers on Brazil, Piso and Marcgraf, speak of it, although the species is now cultivated throughout tropical America. Thus by the process of exhaustion we return to the idea of a Peruvian origin, at least for its cultivation.