There is a Sanskrit name, _mahoushouda_,[208] become _loshoun_ in Bengali, and to which appears to be related the Hebrew name _schoum_ or _schumin_,[209] which has produced the Arab _thoum_ or _toum_. The Basque name _baratchouria_ is thought by de Charencey[210] to be allied with Aryan names. In support of his hypothesis I may add that the Berber name, _tiskert_, is quite different, and that consequently the Iberians seem to have received the plant and its name rather from the Aryans than from their probable ancestors of Northern Africa. The Lettons call it _kiplohks_, the Esthonians _krunslauk_, whence probably the German _Knoblauch_. The ancient Greek name appears to have been _scorodon_, in modern Greek _scordon_. The names given by the Slavs of Illyria are _bili_ and _cesan_. The Bretons say _quinen_,[211] the Welsh _craf_, _cenhinnen_, or _garlleg_, whence the English _garlic_. The Latin _allium_ has passed into the languages of Latin origin.[212] This great diversity of names intimates a long acquaintance with the plant, and even an ancient cultivation in Western Asia and in Europe. On the other hand, if the species has existed only in the land of the Kirghis, where it is now found, the Aryans might have cultivated it and carried it into India and Europe; but this does not explain the existence of so many Keltic, Slav, Greek, and Latin names which differ from the Sanskrit. To explain this diversity, we must suppose that its original abode extended farther to the west than that known at the present day, an extension anterior to the migrations of the Aryans. If the genus Allium were once made, as a whole, the object of such a serious study as that of Gay on some of its species,[213] perhaps it might be found that certain wild European forms, included by authors under _A. arenarium_, L., _A. arenarium_, Sm., or _A. scorodoprasum_, L., are only varieties of _A. sativum_. In that case everything would agree to show that the earliest peoples of Europe and Western Asia cultivated such form of the species just as they found it from Tartary to Spain, giving it names more or less different. ONION—_Allium Cepa_, Linnæus. I will state first what was known in 1855;[214] I will then add the recent botanical observations which confirm the inferences from philological data.