The variety of names in Keltic languages tends to show the existence of the species on the west coast of Europe. If the Aryan Kelts had brought the plant from Asia, they would probably not have invented names taken from three different sources. It is easy to admit, on the contrary, that the Aryan nations, seeing the cabbage wild, and perhaps already used in Europe by the Iberians or the Ligurians, either invented names or adopted those of the earlier inhabitants. Philologists have connected the _krambai_ of the Greeks with the Persian name _karamb_, _karam_, _kalam_, the Kurdish _kalam_, the Armenian _gaghamb_;[333] others with a root of the supposed mother-tongue of the Aryans; but they do not agree in matters of detail. According to Fick,[334] _karambha_, in the primitive Indo-Germanic tongue, signifies “_Gemüsepflanze_ (vegetable), _Kohl_ (cabbage), _karambha_ meaning stalk, like _caulis_.” He adds that _karambha_, in Sanskrit, is the name of two vegetables. Anglo-Indian writers do not mention this supposed Sanskrit name, but only a name from a modern Hindu dialect, _kopee_.[335] Pictet, on his side, speaks of the Sanskrit word _kalamba_, “vegetable stalk, applied to the cabbage.” I have considerable difficulty, I must own, in admitting these Eastern etymologies for the Greco-Latin word _crambe_. The meaning of the Sanskrit word (if it exists) is very doubtful, and as to the Persian word, we ought to know if it is ancient. I doubt it, for if the cabbage had existed in ancient Persia, the Hebrews would have known it.[336] For all these reasons, the species appears to me of European origin. The date of its cultivation is probably very ancient, earlier than the Aryan invasions, but no doubt the wild plant was gathered before it was cultivated. +Garden-Cress+—_Lepidium sativum_, Linnæus. This little Crucifer, now used as a salad, was valued in ancient times for certain properties of the seeds. Some authors believe that it answers to a certain _cardamon_ of Dioscorides; while others apply that name to _Erucaria aleppica_.[337] In the absence of sufficient description, as the modern common name is _cardamon_,[338] the first of these two suppositions is probably correct. The cultivation of the species must date from ancient times and be widely diffused, for very different names exist: _reschad_ in Arab, _turehtezuk_[339] in Persian, _diéges_[340] in Albanian, a language derived from the Pelasgic; without mentioning names drawn from the similarity of taste with that of the water-cress (_Nasturtium officinale_). There are very distinct names in Hindustani and Bengali, but none are known in Sanskrit.[341]