The nasal cavity is of an oblong form, 1 inch and 5 twelfths in length, passing obliquely backwards and upwards from the aperture of the posterior nares, and opening externally by curving forwards; its greatest diameter 5 twelfths, in its lower third 3 twelfths, and so continuing until it expands into the inferior slit-like aperture, which is 8 twelfths long. The cavity of the nose is thus small, and the olfactory nerve, which passes out from the anterior part of the brain, is a slender filament, about 1/3 of a twelfth in diameter. It runs at first through a bony tube, then passes along the bony septum of the orbits, in contact for a short space with the superior maxillary nerve of the fifth pair, which at its commencement makes a great curve upwards, and crosses the orbit to enter the maxillary cavity, which has no communication with the olfactory. Fig. 2 represents the sternum viewed from before. It is remarkable chiefly for its great breadth and convexity. Its sides, _a_, _b_, _c_, _d_, are nearly parallel; its posterior margin broad, with two shallow notches, _e_, _f_, separated by a short conical obtuse median process. The crest or ridge, _h_, _i_, is carried forward in front, where it is only, however, of moderate height, and is not continued to the posterior extremity, but terminates at _i_, in the most convex part. The coracoid bones, _i_, _i_, are extremely large, very broad at their lower part, and having a deep groove and thin elongated process, _j_, at the upper for the tendon of the pectoralis medius, which raises the wing. The furcula, _k_, _k_, _l_, is anchylosed with the crest of the sternum, at _h_, has its crura moderately stout and much diverging, and its upper extremity very broad and recurvate. The scapula, of which only the anterior process _t_, _l_, is seen, is small. A sternal apparatus like this indicates a steady and powerful flight, the wings being supported upon a very firm basis, and well separated. The great mass of the pectoral muscle being thrown forward, it acts more directly than in such birds as the Gallinæ and Ducks, in which it is placed farther backwards, and although its bulk is not so great as in them, it is more advantageously situated. The sternal apparatus of this Pelican is thus extremely similar to that of the Cormorant, and the American Anhinga, and is also constructed on the same plan as that of the Gannets, although in the latter its body is more elongated. [Illustration] LONG-TAILED DUCK. _FULIGULA GLACIALIS_, BONAP. PLATE CCCXII. MALE AND FEMALE IN SUMMER, MALE IN WINTER, AND UNFLEDGED YOUNG.