Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
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Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Head large, oblong, flattened above. Eyes of moderate size. Neck short
and thick. Body large and much depressed. Feet short, placed rather far
behind; tarsus very short, compressed, having anteriorly in its whole
length a series of small scutella, and above the outer toe a partial
series, the rest covered with reticular angular scales. Hind toe small,
with a free membrane beneath; anterior toes nearly double the length of
the tarsus, connected by reticulated membranes having a sinus on their
free margins, the inner with a lobed marginal membrane, the outer with
a thick margin, the third and fourth about equal and longest. Claws
small, that of the first toe very small and curved, of the middle toe
largest, with a dilated inner edge, of the rest slender, all rather
obtuse.
Plumage soft, dense, blended, and glossy. Feathers on the head and neck
of a velvety texture. Wings rather short, narrow, and pointed; primary
quills curved, strong, tapering, and pointed, the first longest, the
second little shorter, the rest rapidly graduated; secondaries broad
and rounded, the inner elongated and tapering. Tail very short, narrow,
wedge-shaped, of fourteen stiff, narrow, pointed feathers.
Upper mandible with a nearly square black patch at the base, margined
with orange, unless in front, where there is a patch of bluish-white
extending to near the nostrils, prominent part over the nostrils deep
reddish-orange, becoming lighter towards the unguis, and shaded into
rich yellow towards the margins; the unguis dingy greyish-yellow; lower
mandible flesh-coloured, unguis darker. Iris bright yellowish-white.
Tarsi and toes orange-red, the webs dusky tinged with green; claws
black. The plumage is of a deep black, glossed with blue. On the top
of the head, between the eyes, is a roundish patch of white, and on the
nape a larger patch of an elongated form.
Length to end of tail 20 inches, to end of wings 18, to end of claws
22; extent of wings 33-1/2; bill from the angle in front 1-1/2; from
the prominence at the base 2-1/2; along the edge of lower mandible
2-5/12; wing from flexure 9-3/4; tail 3-3/4; tarsus 1-7/12; first
toe and claw 11/12; outer toe, and claw 2-1/4; middle, toe and claw,
(1/2)/12 longer. Weight 2 lb. 7 oz.
Adult Female. Plate CCCXVII. Fig. 2.
Bill greenish-black; iris as in the male; feet yellowish-orange,
webs greyish-dusky, claws black. The general colour of the plumage
is brownish-black; darker on the top of the head, the back, wings,
and tail; on the breast and sides the feathers edged with dull
greyish-white.
Length to end of tail 19 inches, to end of wings 15-3/4, to end of
claws 18; extent of wings 31-1/2; wing from flexure 8-3/4; tarsus
1-5/8; middle toe 2-3/4, hind toe 9/12. Weight 2 lb. 2 oz.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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