Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Bill greenish-dusky; feet pale dull yellowish-green; claws black;
iris hazel. The feathers on the upper part of the head, and back,
including the scapulars, smaller wing-coverts, and inner secondaries,
black, broadly margined with light brownish-red; some of the
scapulars margined externally with white, and the larger glossed
with green. Alula, primary coverts, primary quills, and outer
secondaries, greyish-black, all more or less narrowly tipped with
greyish-white; secondary coverts largely tipped with the same; the
primaries externally edged with the same toward the base, as are the
outer secondaries in a fainter degree, the inner webs of some of the
latter greyish-white towards the base. Rump and upper tail-coverts
black. The two middle tail-feathers black, with pale brownish-red
margins, the next feather on each side greyish-brown, margined with
greyish-white, the outer four pale brownish-grey, very narrowly
margined externally, more broadly round their points and along the
inner edges with greyish-white; lateral tail-coverts with the outer web
white. From the forehead over the eye to the occiput, a band of dull
greyish-white, faintly streaked with dusky; loral band brownish-dusky,
that colour extending to the ear-coverts; the rest of the cheeks dull
greyish-white, faintly streaked with dusky; the throat greyish-white;
the sides and fore part of the neck of the same colour, faintly
streaked with dusky; the rest of the lower parts, including the axillar
and lateral rump feathers, pure white; the lower surface of the wing
pale brownish-grey, the coverts margined and tipped with greyish-white;
the shafts of the primaries white.
Length to end of tail 5-5/8 inches, to end of wings 5-1/8, to end
of claws 5-3/4; extent of wings 11-3/8; from tip of bill to carpal
joint 2; wing from flexure 3-8/12; tail 1-8/12; bill along the ridge
(8-1/2)/12; tarsus (8-3/4)/12; hind toe and claw (2-1/2)/12, middle toe
and claw (10-1/2)/12; outer toe and claw 8/12; inner (1/2)/12 shorter.
Adult Female. Plate CCCXX. Fig. 2.
The Female is somewhat larger than the male, but similarly coloured.
In autumn, previous to the moult, the upper parts are of a darker
colour, on account of the wearing of the red margins of the feathers.
On the roof of the mouth is a series of papillæ, and the tongue is 7
twelfths long, extremely slender, and tapering to a fine point. The
œsophagus is 2 inches and 11 twelfths long, 1 twelfth in diameter;
the proventriculus enlarged to 2-1/2 twelfths, its length 5 twelfths.
The stomach is a powerful gizzard, 1/2 inch long, 4-1/2 twelfths
broad; its lateral muscles large, as are the tendons. Its contents
were coleopterous and other insects. The epithelium longitudinally
rugous, and of a brownish-red colour. The intestine of moderate length,
measuring 9-1/2 inches, its average diameter 1-1/2 twelfths. The cœca
1-1/2 inch long, their greatest diameter 3/4 of a twelfth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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