Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
for four inches enlarges, having its greatest diameter 1-1/12 inch;
between the coracoid bones it again contracts to half an inch, and
on entering the thorax enlarges to an inch. The proventriculus is
bulbiform, 1-1/2 inch long, its glandules very large, cylindrical,
the longest being 1/4 inch, and 1 twelfth in diameter. The stomach,
_c d_, is a powerful gizzard of a roundish form, 1 inch 11 twelfths
long, and 1 inch 10 twelfths broad; the muscular fibres disposed in
large fasciculi all around, but not forming distinct lateral muscles;
the central tendons very large, being 10 twelfths in diameter; the
cuticular lining excessively thick, of a rather soft texture, divided
by deep longitudinal irregular fissures, its greatest thickness being
about half an inch. The intestine _d e f_ is very long, measuring
8 feet 9-1/2 inches, of moderate diameter, varying from 4 to 3-1/2
twelfths. It is compactly and beautifully arranged in very numerous
somewhat concentric folds, being coiled up like a rope, the duodenum
_d e_ curving backwards and upwards over the stomach for five inches,
then returning, and enclosing the pancreas, until under the right
lobe of the liver where it receives the biliary ducts. The cloaca is
globular, 2 inches in diameter when distended; the rectum, exclusive
of the cloaca 3-1/2 inches, and having at its upper extremity two
bulging knobs in place of cœca. Now, the œsophagus and proventriculus
are those of a Numenius, the stomach that of a Heron in the arrangement
of its fasciculi, and in the softness of its epithelium; but otherwise
it differs in being much larger and more muscular. The intestines
are thicker and more muscular than those of Herons, and differ more
especially in having two cœcal appendages, which however are extremely
short, whereas the herons have merely a single cœcal prominence.
The heart, _g_, is remarkably large, being 1 inch and 10 twelfths long,
1 inch and a half in breadth. The lobes of the liver, _h_, _i_, are
very large, and about _equal_, their greatest length being 3 inches;
the gall-bladder globular, 8 twelfths in diameter. One of the testes
is 11 twelfths long, 9 twelfths broad; the other 10 twelfths by 7
twelfths; their great size being accounted for by the individual’s
having been killed in the breeding season.
In a female of much smaller size the œsophagus is 15 inches long; the
stomach 2 inches in length, 1 inch and 9 twelfths broad; the intestine
7 feet 7 inches. The contents of the stomach, fishes, shrimps, and
fragments of shells.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account