Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Adult Male. Plate CCCXXVIII.
Bill about twice as long as the head, very slender, roundish, tapering,
slightly recurved. Upper mandible with its outline very slightly curved
upwards, at the tip declinate; the ridge convex, the sides convex,
the edges sharp and inflected, the tip narrow and rather acute. Nasal
groove nearly half the length of the bill; nostrils linear, direct,
sub-basal, pervious. Lower mandible with the angle very long and
narrow, the sides grooved as far as the angle, the edges sharp and
inflected, the tip narrow.
Head small, ovate, rounded above; neck very long and slender; body
rather compact. Legs extremely elongated and slender; tibia bare
for more than half its length, covered anteriorly with large curved
scutella; tarsus very long, moderately compressed, scutellate before,
reticulate on the sides; toes of moderate length, slender; hind toe
wanting, outer a little longer than inner, and connected with the
middle toe by a web extending nearly to the second joint; the inner toe
also connected with the middle by a very short web. Claws small, nearly
straight, moderately compressed.
Plumage ordinary, the feathers ovate and rounded. Wings very long, of
moderate breadth, acute, the first quill longest, the other primaries
rapidly graduated. Tail short, even, of twelve feathers.
Bill black, iris bright carmine; feet lake-coloured, claws dusky.
Forehead, a spot above the eye, another below it, fore part and sides
of the neck, and all the other lower parts, pure white. Upper part of
head, hind neck, and upper parts, bluish-black, glossed with green;
tail white.
Length to end of tail 14-1/2 inches, to end of wings 16-1/2, to end of
claws 21-3/4; extent of wings 27; wing from flexure 9; tail 2-10/12;
bill along the ridge 2-8/12, along the edge of lower mandible 2-11/12;
bare part of tibia 3-1/4; tarsus 4-(2-1/2)/12; middle toe 1-1/2, its
claw 3/12. Weight 6-1/4 oz.
The Female is smaller than the male but otherwise similar.
Length to end of tail 14 inches, to end of wings 15-1/4, to end of
claws 20; extent of wings 25-3/4. Weight 5 oz.
The median ridge of the anterior part of the roof of the mouth is
furnished with a few short papillæ. The tongue is 1 inch 2 twelfths
long, slender, tapering, emarginate and papillate at the base. The
œsophagus is 7 inches long, with an average diameter of 4 twelfths;
the proventriculus 9 twelfths long, and 6 twelfths in diameter. The
stomach is elliptical, 1 inch in length, 8-1/2 twelfths in breadth;
its lateral muscles of moderate strength, the right being 4 twelfths
thick; the inner coat or epithelium dense, longitudinally rugous, and
of a brownish-red colour. The intestine is 20 inches long, its diameter
varying from 3 to 1-1/2 twelfths. The cœca are 1-1/2 inch long, 1/12 in
diameter at the base, 2 twelfths towards the end, which is blunt.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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