Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
The œsophagus, Fig. 1, _a b c_, is 3 inches 10 twelfths long, its
walls very thin, its inner or mucous coat thrown into longitudinal
plates; its diameter at the middle of the neck 5 eighths, diminishing
to 4 twelfths as it enters the thorax. It then enlarges and forms
the proventriculus, _c e_, which has a diameter of 8 twelfths; the
glandules are cylindrical, very numerous, and arranged in a complete
belt, half an inch in breadth, in the usual manner, as seen in Fig. 2,
_b c_. The stomach, properly so called, Fig. 1, _d g_, is oblong, 11
twelfths in length, 8 twelfths in breadth; its muscular coat moderately
thick, and disposed into two lateral muscles with large tendons; its
epithelium, Fig. 2, _c d e_, thick, hard, with numerous longitudinal
and transverse rugæ, and of a dark reddish colour. The duodenum, _f g
h_, curves in the usual manner at the distance of 1-1/4 inch, ascends
toward the upper surface of the right lobe of the liver for 1 inch and
10 twelfths, then forms 4 loops, and from above the proventriculus,
passes directly backward. The length of the intestine, _f g h i_,
is 16-1/2 inches, its diameter 2-1/4 twelfths, and nearly uniform as
far as the rectum, which is 1-1/4 inch long, at first 3 twelfths in
diameter, enlarged into an ovate cloaca of great size, Fig. 3. _b_; the
cœca _a_, _a_, 41 twelfths long, cylindrical, 1/2 twelfth in diameter,
obtuse.
The trachea, Fig. 1. _k_, _l_, is very wide, flattened, its rings
unossified, its length 2-9/12 inches, its breadth 3 twelfths, nearly
uniform, but at the lower part contracted to 2 twelfths. There are
75 rings, with 5 inferior blended rings, which are divided before and
behind. The bronchi, Fig. 1. _m_, _m_, are wide and rather elongated,
with about 25 half rings. The contractor muscles are extremely thin,
the sterno-tracheal slender; there is a pair of inferior laryngeal
attached to the first bronchial rings.
[Illustration: Fig. 1.]
[Illustration: Fig. 2.]
[Illustration: Fig. 3.]
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