Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
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Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Bill as long as the head, a little higher than broad at the base,
depressed and widened toward the end, which is rounded. Dorsal outline
straight and declinate to the nostrils, then direct and slightly
concave, the sides sloping and concave at the base, broadly convex
toward the end, the edges soft, with about forty short erect lamellæ
internally on each side, the unguis linear-oblong, suddenly decurved
and directed backwards, its lower part transversely expanded and
serrulate. Nostrils in an oblong depression covered with skin, medial,
rather small, linear oblong, pervious. Lower mandible flattened, a
little recurved, its angle very long and narrow, the laminæ about a
hundred and forty and extremely small, the unguis oblong.
Head rather large, oblong. Eyes of moderate size. Neck short and
thick. Body full, much depressed. Legs short and placed rather far
behind; tibia bare for a short space; tarsus very short, compressed,
with an anterior series of small scutella, an outer short series going
to the fourth toe, the rest reticulated. Hind toe very small, with
a free inferior web; anterior toes very long, slender, the middle
toe double the length of the tarsus, the outer almost as long, the
inner considerably shorter, and having a broad lobed margin; the webs
reticulated. Claws rather small, slender, compressed, slightly arched,
acute.
Plumage dense, blended, on the upper parts very soft; on the fore part
of the head stiffish; on the lower parts with a silky gloss, and stiff,
having the extremities broad, and the barbs strong and pointed. Wings
very short, of moderate breadth, concave, pointed; primaries tapering,
the first longest, obliquely rounded. Tail short, much graduated, of
_eighteen_ stiff, narrow feathers, of which the shaft is very strong,
and runs out in a flattened concave point.
Bill and edges of eyelids greyish-blue. Iris hazel. Feet dull
greyish-blue; webs inclining to dusky; claws greyish-brown. Upper part
of the head and nape deep bluish-black, that colour running to a point
about the middle of the neck; a large white patch on each side of the
head, from the bill to behind the ear, narrowed on the throat. Neck all
round, and all the upper parts, as well as the sides of the rump, rich
glossy brownish-red or chestnut; the lower parts greyish-white, tinged
with brown, and marked with transverse interrupted bands of dusky.
Wing-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers, blackish-brown.
Length to end of tail 14-3/4 inches, to end of wings 12-1/2, to end
of claws 15, to carpal joint 7-3/4; extent of wings 21-1/2; wing from
flexure 6-1/4; tail 3-1/2; bill along the ridge 1-5/8, along the edge
of lower mandible 1-5/8; tarsus 1-1/4; hind toe and claw (4-1/2)/8;
inner toe 1-3/4, its claw 1/4; middle toe 2-3/8, its claw 3/8; outer
toe 2-3/8, its claw 1/4. Weight 1-3/4 lb. Average measurements of six
individuals.
The black on the head of the male is sometimes marked with a few white
feathers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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