ranks, it is surprising to see the courage, anxiety, and solicitude of these little creatures: they follow you with their wailing scold, and entreat for their companions in a manner that impresses you with a favourable idea of their social feelings and sympathy.” Dr TOWNSEND says, that “the Chinook Indians call this species _a kul_. It inhabits the forests of the Columbia River, where it breeds and goes in flocks in the autumn, more or less gregarious through the season. The legs and feet are light blue.” PARUS RUFESCENS, CHESTNUT-BACKED TITMOUSE, _Townsend_, Journ. Acad. of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. vii. p. 190. Adult Male. Plate CCCLIII. Fig. 1. Bill very short, straight, strong, compressed, rather acute; both mandibles with the dorsal line slightly convex, the sides sloping and convex, the edges sharp, the tip of the upper scarcely longer. Nostrils basal, roundish, concealed by the recumbent feathers. Head large, ovate; neck short; body rather robust. Feet of ordinary length, robust; tarsus compressed, with seven anterior scutella, and two lateral plates meeting behind so as to form a thin edge; toes large, the three anterior united as far as the second joint, the hind one much stronger, and with its claw as long as the third. Claws large, arched, much compressed, acute. Plumage blended, tufty, unglossed. Wings of moderate length, the fourth and fifth quills equal and longest, the sixth scarcely shorter, the third and seventh equal, the second and eighth equal, the first very short, being only half the length of the second. Tail long, slender, arched, very slightly emarginate, or with its tip divaricate, of twelve rather narrow feathers. Bill brownish-black, with the edges and tip paler. Feet greyish-blue; claws paler. Head and neck, and fore part of the sides, dark-brown, with a broad longitudinal band of white on each side, from the bill under the eye, curving up on the shoulder, and almost meeting on the back; which, including the rump, is bright chestnut, as are the sides under the wings; the middle of the breast and abdomen greyish-white, the lower tail-coverts tinged with chestnut. Wings and tail brownish-grey, the smaller coverts tinged with chestnut, the secondary coverts margined and tipped with greyish-white, of which colour also are the outer edges of the quills, except the first; tail feathers faintly margined with bluish-grey. Length to end of tail 4-1/2 inches; wing from flexure 2-3/8; tail 1-11/12; bill along the ridge (4-1/2)/12; tarsus (7-1/2)/12; hind toe (3-1/4)/12, its claw 4/12; middle toe (4-1/2)/12, its claw (2-3/4)/12. Adult Female. Plate CCCLIII. Fig. 2. The Female is similar to the male. BLACK-CAP TITMOUSE. _PARUS ATRICAPILLUS_, LINN. PLATE CCCLIII. MALE AND FEMALE.