Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Bill black, tinged with bluish-grey at the base. Iris dark brown. Feet
bright yellow, claws brownish-black. Upper part of the head, lores,
cheeks, and the neck all round, excepting the throat, streaked with
brownish-black, on a white ground, tinged with grey on the head and
hind neck; the throat, breast, and abdomen, are pure white, the sides
and lower tail-coverts barred with brownish-black, as are the axillar
feathers and lower wing-coverts, the lower surface of the primaries
light grey, their shafts white. The upper parts generally are black,
glossed with green, each feather margined with white triangular spots.
The hind part of the rump and the upper tail-coverts white, barred with
dusky. The anterior smaller wing-coverts, alula, primary coverts, and
primary quills, brownish-black, without spots; shaft of first primary
white, of the rest brown. Tail-feathers white, with numerous bands of
dark greyish-brown, the middle six feathers more or less of a light
brownish-grey toward the end, the bars not extending over their central
part, their tips white. Length to end of tail 14 inches, to end of
wings 14, to end of claws 16; extent of wings 24-3/4; bill along the
ridge 2-3/12, along the edge of the lower mandible 2-5/12, wing from
flexure 8-2/12; tail 3-8/12; bare part of tibia 1-1/2; tarsus 2-5/12;
hind toe and claw (4-1/2)/12; middle toe and claw 1-(8-1/2)/12. Weight
6 oz.
Adult Female. Plate CCCVIII. Fig. 2.
The female resembles the male.
Length to end of tail 13-3/4, to end of wings 14-1/2, to end of claws
17-3/4; extent of wings 25-1/2. Weight 6-1/2 oz.
Both sexes become darker on the upper parts, at the approach of spring.
This dark colour disappears after their autumnal moult.
The tongue is 1-2/12 inch in length, slender, sagittate and papillate
at the base, triangular, tapering to a fine point. On the roof of the
mouth are two rows of large blunt papillæ directed backwards; the edges
of the mandibles are thick and grooved; the posterior aperture of the
nares linear, 9/12 long. The œsophagus, 6-3/4 inches in length, passes
along the right side of the neck, and has a diameter of 3/12 of an inch
in its upper part, but is dilated to 5/12 before it enters the thorax.
The proventriculus is oblong, 8/12 in length, its glandules oblong. The
stomach is oblong, 1-2/12 inch in length, 8/12 in breadth, its lateral
muscles of moderate size, the tendons 5/12 in diameter, the cuticular
lining hard, with large longitudinal rugæ, and of a deep red colour.
The intestine 2 feet 8 inches long, varying in diameter from (2-1/2)/12
to 2/12. The rectum 1-9/12 inch long; the cæca 4 inches 5/12 long, of
an oblong form, with the extremity rounded, their diameter (1-1/2)/12.
In another individual, the œsophagus is 6-1/2 inches long; the stomach
1-9/12; the intestine 2 feet 3 inches; the rectum 1-9/12, the cæca
4-1/12, their diameter (1-1/2)/12.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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