5. That they should practise frugality. (_Order issued by the Emperor of Japan in 1882._) The standard of proficiency in cavalry work to which we wish to attain is a very high one; our men must, in the first place, be taught-- (A) To ride well. (B) To be able to look after their horses. (C) Rifle-shooting and fire discipline. (D) The use of at least one personal weapon, when mounted, with good effect. (E) Individuality, and to use their brains. (F) Bodily and muscular development. (A) RIDING There is no doubt that our methods of teaching riding have greatly improved of late years.[99] The recruit is not made afraid of his horse, and of his work in the riding-school, as he often was under the old régime. From the day he joins, no opportunity should be lost of teaching the recruit that amongst his first duties is to love, honour, and have a pride in his horse. He certainly will not recognize this duty, if, as under the old “cast-iron” system, his horse becomes the means of applying an unpleasant discipline to him. Further, he is now taught to ride in the open, and over a natural country in many cases, picking his own line. In fact he is taught campaign riding, rather than as formerly the elements of _haute école_; the latter plan was by no means unsuitable if the man had the previous knowledge of riding which many men, brought up in the country, joined with forty or fifty years ago. (B) SOLDIER’S CARE OF HORSES Of all instructions to be given to the young soldier the most difficult is that in campaigning horse-management.