During the 1100s and 1200s, changes took place with regard to wills which gradually established a definite common law. They were: The king's court condemns the post obit gift of land because it was rung from a man in the agony of dying when he had most probably lost his memory and his reason, and it disappeared in the late 1100s, except for burgage tenements. The primogeniture scheme for the descent of land had been well established in the course of the 1100s and the concept of a definite heir as appointed by God was now established. Heirship now has nothing to do with chattels. The church takes jurisdiction by 1200 over succession of chattels and succession assumes a testamentary character with witnesses and with an executor to carry out the dead man's will and pay his debts. A will only dealt with the dead man's part of his chattels, the law providing parts for the wife and children. If there were both wife and children, the wife took one-third and the children, except for the heir, one-third and the man could will the remaining third. If there is a wife but no child or a child but no wife, one half went to the surviving wife or children, except for the heir, and one-half was governed by the will. If there was no will, which was rare, the situation was unsettled, but usually the church distributed the remaining portion for the good of the dead man's soul. By statute, no one, including the lord of a manor, may take land from anyone else, for instance, by the customary process of distress, without a judgment from the Royal Court. This did not apply to London, where a landlord leasing or renting land could take distress in his fee. No one, including the lord of a manor, shall deprive an heir of the land possessed by his father, i.e. his birthright. A tenant may marry off a daughter unless his lord shows some just cause for refusing to consent to the marriage. A tenant had to pay an "aid" to his lord when the lord's daughter married, when the lord's son was knighted, or when the lord's person was ransomed. A man [or woman] may not will away his land, but he may sell it during his lifetime. The land of a knight or other tenant of a military fee is inherited by his eldest son. The socage land of a free sokeman goes by its ancient custom before the Norman Conquest. If a man purchased land after his marriage, his wife's dower is still one-third of the land he had when they married, or less if he had endowed her with less. But he could then enlarge her dower to one-third of all of his lands. The same rule applied if the man had no land, but endowed his wife with chattel or money instead. Dower law prevented a woman from selling her dower during the life of her husband. But he could sell it or give it away. On his death, its possessor had to give the widow the equivalent worth of the property.