Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776Reilly, S. A.
History
Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776
Reilly, S. A.
Law -- England -- History
The citizens of London had a common seal for the city. London
merchants traveled throughout the nation with goods to sell exempt from
tolls. Most of the London aldermen were woolmongers, vintners,
skinners, and grocers by turns or carried on all these branches of
commerce at once. Jews were allowed to make loans with interest up to
2d. a week for 20s. lent. There are three inns in London. Inns
typically had narrow facades, large courtyards, lodging and refreshment
for the well-off, warehousing and marketing facilities for merchants,
and stabling and repairs for wagons. Caregiving infirmaries such as
"Bethlehem Hospital" were established in London. One was a lunatic
infirmary founded by the sheriff of London. Benefactors conveyed plots
of land with houses to the city for the benefit and use of the
Franciscan friars who came to London as missionaries because the
friars' law forbade them from owning anything. The city held the land
in trust for the beneficiaries, the friars. Only tiles were used for
roofing in London, because wood shingles were fire hazards and fires in
London had been frequent. Some areas near London are disclaimed by the
king to be royal forest land, so all citizens could hunt there and till
their land there without interference by the royal foresters. The
Sheriff's court in London lost its old importance and handled mainly
trespass and debt cases, while important cases went to the Hustings,
which was presided over by the Mayor with the sheriffs and aldermen in
attendance. From the early 1200s, the Mayor's Court took on the work
which the weekly Husting could not manage. This consisted mostly of
assault and robbery cases. Murder and manslaughter cases were left to
the royal courts.
London aldermen were elected by the citizens of their
respective wards in wardmotes, in which was also arranged the watch,
protection against fire, and probably also assessment of the taxes
within the ward. There was much effort by the commoners to influence
the governance of the city. In 1261 they forced their way into the
townmote and by this brute show of strength, which threatened riot,
they made their own candidate mayor. Subsequent elections were
tumultuous.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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