Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) EditionReilly, S. A.
History
Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) Edition
Reilly, S. A.
Law -- England -- History
The citizens of London had a common seal for the city. London merchants
traveled throughout the nation with goods to sell exempt from tolls.
Most of the London aldermen were woolmongers, vintners, skinners, and
grocers by turns or carried on all these branches of commerce at once.
Jews were allowed to make loans with interest up to 2d. a week for 20s.
lent. There are three inns in London. Inns typically had narrow facades,
large courtyards, lodging and refreshment for the well-off, warehousing
and marketing facilities for merchants, and stabling and repairs for
wagons. Caregiving infirmaries such as "Bethlehem Hospital" were
established in London. One was a lunatic infirmary founded by the
sheriff of London. Only tiles were used for roofing in London, because
wood shingles were fire hazards and fires in London had been frequent.
Some areas near London are disclaimed by the king to be royal forest
land, so all citizens could hunt there and till their land there without
interference by the royal foresters. The Sheriff's court in London lost
its old importance and handled mainly trespass and debt cases, while
important cases went to the Hustings, which was presided over by the
Mayor with the sheriffs and aldermen in attendance. From the early
1200s, the Mayor's Court took on the work which the weekly Husting could
not manage. This consisted mostly of assault and robbery cases. Murder
and manslaughter cases were left to the royal courts.
London aldermen were elected by the citizens of their respective wards
in wardmotes, in which was also arranged the watch, protection against
fire, and probably also assessment of the taxes within the ward. There
was much effort by the commoners to influence the governance of the
city. In 1261 they forced their way into the townmote and by this brute
show of strength, which threatened riot, they made their own candidate
mayor. Subsequent elections were tumultuous.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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