Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) EditionReilly, S. A.
History
Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) Edition
Reilly, S. A.
Law -- England -- History
As economic activity in London became more complex and on a larger
scale in the 1200s, some craftsmen were brought under the control of
other crafts or merchants. The bakers fell under the control of the
wholesale grain dealers; the weavers became pieceworkers for rich cloth
merchants; the blademakers and shearers were employed by cutlers;
coppersmiths were controlled by girdlers; fullers were controlled by
entrepreneurial dyers; and the painters, joiners, and lorimers were
controlled by the saddlers. Guilds moved their meeting places from
churches, which were now too small, to guild halls. The controlling
officers of the large guilds met at the Guildhall, which became the seat
of mayoral authority. London streets in existence by this time include
Cordwainer, Silver, Cannon (Candlewick), and Roper. Lanes included
Ironmonger, Soper, Spurrier, Lad (ladles), Distaff, Needles, Mede,
Limeburner, and Hosier. Fighting among groups was common in London.
There was a street fight on a large scale in 1327 between the saddlers
and a coalition of joiners, painters, and lorimers (makers of metal work
of saddles). Much blood was shed in the street battle between the
skinners and the fishmongers in 1340. There was a city ordinance that no
one except royal attendants, baronial valets, and city officials were to
go about armed. Disputes among neighbors that were brought to court
included the use and upkeep of party walls, blocked and overflowing
gutters, cesspits too close to a neighbor's property, noisy tenants,
loss of light, and dangerous or overhanging structures.
In 1275, a goldsmith was chief assay-master of the King's mint and
keeper of the exchange at London. The king gave the Goldsmiths' Company
the right of assay [determination of the quantity of gold or silver in
an object] and required that no vessels of gold or silver should leave
the maker's hands until they had been tested by the wardens and stamped
appropriately. In 1279, goldsmith William Farrington bought the soke of
the ward containing the goldsmiths' shops. It remained in his family for
80 years. A patent of 1327 empowered the guild to elect a properly
qualified governing body to superintend its affairs, and reform subjects
of just complaint. It also prescribed, as a safeguard against a
prevailing fraud and abuse, that all members of the trade should have
their standing in Cheapside or in the King's exchange, and that no gold
or silver should be manufactured for export, except that which had been
bought at the exchange or of the trade openly.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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