Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) EditionReilly, S. A.
History
Our Legal Heritage: King AEthelbert - King George III, 600 A.D. - 1776: June 2011 (Sixth) Edition
Reilly, S. A.
Law -- England -- History
In all towns, the organization of craft associations spread rapidly
downwards through the trades. These associations sought self-government.
Craft guilds were gaining much power relative to the old merchant guilds
in governing the towns. The greater crafts such as the fishmongers,
skinners, and the corders (made rope, canvas, and pitch) organized and
ultimately were recognized by town authorities as self-governing craft
guilds. The building trade guilds such as the tilers, carpenters,
masons, and joiners, became important. Masons were still itinerant,
going to sites of churches, public buildings, or commanded by the king
to work on castles. The guild was not necessarily associated with a
specific product. For instance, a saddle and bridle were the result of
work of four crafts: joiner (woodworker), painter, saddler (leather),
and lorimer (metal trappings).
In London in 1392 craft guilds included: baker, fishmonger (cut up and
sold fish), fruitier, brewer, butcher, bird dealer, cook, apothecary
(sold potions he had ground up), cutler (made knives and spoons),
barber, tailor, shoemaker, glover (made gloves), skinner (sold furs),
girdler (made girdles of cloth to wear around one's waist), pouchmaker,
armorer, sheathmaker, weaver, fuller, painter, carpenter, joiner
(woodworker who finished interior woodwork such as doors and made
furniture), tiler, mason (cut stone for buildings), smith (made metal
tools for stonemasons and builders), tallow chandler (made candles and
sometimes soap from the fat and grease the housewife supplied), wax
chandler (made candles), stirrup maker, spurrier (made spurs), and
hosteler (innkeeper). However, the merchant guilds of the goldsmiths,
vintners (sold wine), mercers (sold cloth), grocers, and drapers
(finished and sold English cloth) were still strong. It was a long
custom in London that freemen in one company could practice the trade of
another company. There were paint mills and saw mills replacing human
labor. There were apothecary shops and women surgeons. Women who earned
their own living by spinning were called "spinsters".
Some prices in London were: a hen pastry 5d., a capon pastry 8d., a
roast pheasant 13d., a roast heron 18d., roast goose 7d., a hen 4d., a
capon 6d., three roast thrushes 2d., ten larks 3d., ten finches 1d, and
ten cooked eggs 1d.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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