Educational measures are for the purpose of educating both the local forest-using public and the general public who may travel through the Forests in the careful use of fires in the forests. Forest officers, especially Rangers, come into personal touch with local residents and users, that is, the ranchers, stockmen, business men, loggers, campers, hunters, fishermen and others. Such people are often reminded by personal appeals by the Forest officers. Most of them have learned by this time, because of having been called upon to help fight fires at one time or another, and having gotten a taste of the result of other people's carelessness. Many written appeals are also sent out by the Supervisor and are slipped into the envelopes when grazing permits and other official documents are mailed. One of these written appeals, and probably the one that has been used most widely, is known as the six rules for the prevention of fires in the mountains: 1. Matches.--Be sure your match is out. Break it in two before you throw it away. 2. Tobacco.--Throw pipe ashes and cigar or cigarette stumps in the dust of the road and stamp or pinch out the fire before leaving them. Don't throw them into the brush, leaves, or needles. 3. Making camp.--Build a small camp fire. Build it in the open, not against a tree or log, or near brush. Scrape away the trash from all around it. 4. Leaving camp.--Never leave a camp fire, even for a short time, without quenching it with water or earth. 5. Bonfires.--Never build bonfires in windy weather or where there is the slightest danger of their escaping from control. Don't make them larger than you need. 6. Fighting fires.--If you find a fire try to put it out. If you can't, get word of it to the nearest United States forest ranger or State fire warden at once. Keep in touch with the rangers. Besides these kinds of appeals, many kinds of fire warnings are posted at conspicuous places along roads and trails to remind the public to be careful with fire in the Forests. [Illustration: Figure 37. A fire line cut through the low bush-like growth of "Chaparral" on the Angeles National Forest, California. This "Chaparral" is of great value for regulating stream flow. The streams are used for water power, domestic purposes, and for irrigating many of the largest lemon and orange groves of southern California.] [Illustration: Figure 38. A forest officers' temporary camp while fighting forest fires. Near Oregon National Forest, Oregon.]