United States. Navy -- History -- World War, 1914-1918; World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations, American
Enlisted men--Aviation ratings, 21,951; general ratings
assigned to aviation duty, 8,742.
Marine Corps--Aviation officers, 282; Enlisted men, 2,180.
This force was equipped with 1,170 flying boats, 695 seaplanes, 262
land planes, ten free balloons, 205 kite balloons, and 15 dirigibles.
Of this equipment 570 aircraft had been sent abroad, before the
armistice.
Captain N. E. Irwin was Director of Naval Aviation, with offices in
the Navy Department. Captain H. I. Cone was in general charge of our
aviation activities in Europe. Construction and operation of air
stations in France were under his supervision until August 1, 1918,
when he moved to London, as head of the Aviation Section of Admiral
Sims' staff. Then all our forces in France, except the Northern Bombing
Group, which was commanded by Captain D. C. Hanrahan, were placed
under command of Admiral Wilson, Captain T. T. Craven, as aide for
aviation, on his staff, being charged with all aviation matters.
Building more than forty stations in Europe, some of them of huge
extent, was a big task in construction. Its accomplishment, under
many handicaps and difficulties, reflects the utmost credit upon
all concerned. Constructors and aviators displayed such energy and
resource, that it was a current saying that, "Naval Aviation can do
anything that comes to hand."
They created in a few months stations that, under ordinary
circumstances, would have required years to build. Let me give one
example illustrative of others. At the big air station at Killingholme,
England, contracts for the buildings had been made, but it became
evident soon after the arrival of our aviation personnel that unless
we did the work ourselves that station would never be built in time to
permit active operations or house the men in comfort. But Lieutenant M.
E. Kelly, with a detail of 200 American blue-jackets, built in thirty
days twenty-eight barrack buildings of brick and concrete, each twenty
feet wide and sixty feet long. That is only one instance of hundreds of
things done by this force in Europe.
The Navy erected its own aircraft factory at the Philadelphia Navy
Yard, which was producing and shipping planes to Europe in the spring
of 1918. This immense plant was of inestimable value in carrying out
the program of aviation construction, which was pushed all along the
line.
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