Aeronautics -- Flights; Arctic regions; North Pole
The reason why I have gone into so many details regarding this side
of our plans and our conduct of the expedition, is that we have been
publicly criticized “because we flew with _two_ machines over a stretch
of territory that offered no landing possibilities, and thus we took a
_double_ risk of engine trouble.” This is putting a wrong construction
on it. The reason that we continued our northward flight after we had
reached 83°, and, being free of the fog, saw that there were only bad
chances of landing, was because we naturally had a goal to reach and we
thought conditions would improve further north.
Back to the choice of type! In clear weather, especially in sunshine,
one can see from overhead unevennesses on a place, even when one cannot
be certain that all is clear, as the snow may have “covered-in” some
banks of drift-ice. If the weather is hazy, even a voluntary landing
is a matter of chance, for it is impossible to see even the biggest
undulations in the snow.
There are three kinds of under-carriages to choose from--skis, floats,
or flying boats. If one has chosen skis or floats, and should strike
against a projection with them, tearing off the under part, the machine
will turn over, and a continuation of the flight with the same machine
will be impossible.
A flying boat on the contrary has fewer sidewise projections (which
means that it would be less exposed to the danger of being damaged
by unevennesses) and, furthermore, it will not capsize so quickly.
If one has also ordered it of durable aluminium it will afford the
uttermost safety. Where a big strain would tear the bottom of a wooden
boat (making reparation impossible or at least very difficult in the
conditions prevailing up there) under the same strain durable aluminium
would only suffer some denting which could be straightened out again
if it proved sufficient to hinder progress. Aluminium does not break
easily.
There were also other reasons that counted in making the choice of a
type of boat. Should one have the intention of rising from deep snow,
the burden (of the boat or the machine’s under-carriage) lying on the
snow must not be greater than a certain weight on the flat, namely, 600
kilograms per square meter.
As our machine would average a weight of six tons it was a simple
matter to calculate that we must lie on an area of at least ten square
yards, and even then it would be bearing the maximum weight. Thus, a
ski-attachment would be particularly heavy, and the floats would have
to be unnecessarily large if the bottom’s lines were to satisfy the
seamanlike desire “to rise from the water.”
After making these calculations we were never in doubt, but decided
that we should choose a flying boat built of durable aluminium. With
regard to ski-machines, we should gain a further advantage in being
able to land in, or rise from, possible water-lanes, while in a wooden
boat a collision with ice in the water-lanes presented a smaller risk.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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