Outlines of a Critical Theory of EthicsDewey, John
Philosophy
Outlines of a Critical Theory of Ethics
Dewey, John
Ethics
Its significance may be further developed by comparing it with the
scientific postulate.
All science rests upon the conviction of the thorough-going and
permanent unity of the world of objects known--a unity which is
sometimes termed the 'uniformity of nature' or the 'reign of law';
without this conviction that objects are not mere isolated and
transitory appearances, but are connected together in a system by laws
or relations, science would be an impossibility. Moral experience
_makes for the world of practice_ an assumption analogous in kind to
that which intellectual experience makes for the world of knowledge.
And just as it is not the affair of science, as such, or even of logic
(the theory of science) to justify this presupposition of science, or
to do more than show its presence in intellectual experience, so it is
not the business of conduct, or even of ethics (the theory of conduct)
to justify what we have termed the 'ethical postulate'. In each case
the further inquiry belongs to metaphysics.
XLI.
Does the End Proposed Serve as a Criterion of Conduct?
We have now concluded that an end which may be termed indifferently
'The Realization of Individuality', 'The Performance of Specific
Functions', 'The Satisfaction of Interests', 'The Realization of a
Community of Individuals' is the moral end. Will this end serve the
two aims (see Sec. XVI) required of a criterion, or standard: (1) Will
it unify individual conduct? (2) Will it afford a common good? We have
just been endeavoring to show that it does both of these things; that
as the realization of one's specific capacity, it unifies individual
conduct, and that, as the performance of function, it serves to satisfy
the entire community. To take up just these points, accordingly, would
involve a repetition of what has been said, and we shall therefore take
up instead some aspects of the individual and social unity of conduct,
not already considered.
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