The inner nature of these two orders of knowledge having been defined,
it becomes evident that each of them is valid in its own domain, and
that they cannot legitimately encroach upon each other. To try to
establish by religious faith the reality of any phenomenon whatsoever,
of which experimental science or intellectual criticism are the sole
judges; or to wish to formulate by means of objective science a moral
judgment which springs from the subjective consciousness--these are two
equivalent encroachments and abuses. Experimental science has the
right to forbid the religious consciousness to do violence to it; but
the religious consciousness has an equal right to restrict science to
its true limits. We must prevent confusion if we would put an end to
the conflicts between them. To enclose God in any phenomenal form is,
properly speaking, superstition or _idolatry_; to confine or dissipate
the soul in external phenomenism, and to deny the seriousness and value
of its religious and moral activity, is _infidelity_, properly so
called.
Truths of the religious and moral order are known by a subjective act
of what Pascal calls _the heart_. Science can know nothing about them,
for they are not in its order. In the same way the phenomena of Nature
are only known and measured by observation and calculation. Neither
the heart nor religious faith can decide with respect to them. Each
order has its certitude. We must not say that in the one the certitude
is greater than in the other. Science is not more sure of its object
than moral or religious faith is of its own; but it is sure in a
different way. Scientific certitude has at its basis intellectual
evidence. Religious certitude has for its foundation the feeling of
subjective life, or moral evidence. The first gives satisfaction to
the intellect; the second gives to the whole soul the sense of order
re-established, of health regained, of force and peace. It is the
happy feeling of deliverance, the inward assurance of "salvation."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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