The difference between the highest of the lower animals and Man, is so distinct, that no more need be said about it; but among men themselves, there is a great difference; between the European, and the Negro or the Hottentot, there is a vast distinction, but the most simple would at once say they are both men, and possessed of the essential qualities of men; and there can be no doubt that all men of every kind form _one species_. This is a point pretty well settled among all who have written on the subject; and indeed, great as the difference is among men, it is not half so great as that which exists between the Bull-dog and Italian Greyhound, and yet they are both dogs; or between the Race-horse and the Dray-horse, and yet who is there can doubt of these both being of the same species. Blumenbach made out five varieties--namely, 1, Caucasian; 2, Mongolian; 3, American; 4, Malay; 5, Ethiopian or Negro. Pickering[2] describes eleven varieties, and arranges them as follows:-- WHITE. 1. Arabian. 2. Abyssinian. BROWN. 3. Mongolian. 4. Hottentot. 5. Malay. BLACKISH-BROWN. 6. Papuan. 7. Negrillo. 8. Indian or Telingan. 9. Ethiopian. BLACK. 10. Australian. 11. Negro. [Footnote 2: Pickering's "Races of Man." By John Charles Hall, M.D., p. 300.] In this arrangement the "Arabian" corresponds with the "Caucasian" of Blumenbach; both names are given from the supposed country of the original members of the race; the appellation "European," used by Dr. Latham is, however, a much more appropriate one than either, both the Caucasian and Arabian being now limited to the inhabitants of the localities from which their names were derived. The Arabian, Caucasian, or European family occupy the chief part of Western Europe, the British Isles, and the United States of America, and is fast spreading in other parts of the American Continent and in Australia. It is characterised by a fair complexion, arched nose, ruddy cheeks, thin lips, and the frequency of blue eyes and light hair. Its members are at this present time the highest and most civilised classes in the world, being further advanced in religion, arts, sciences, and literature; also their capacity for enterprise and speculation, and their love of novelty, is far beyond that of any other variety of the human race; anything new that offers the smallest chance of being beneficial is at once adopted by them and carried out. This is, perhaps, the great secret of their advancement, for the other most numerous variety of the human family, and which exceeds the European in numbers (the Mongolian), has but little capacity for change of any kind, in fact, appears to admire and adhere to those matters only, which have the most undoubted stamp of antiquity--such a mode of feeling especially obtains among the Chinese. Dr. Latham divides the European family into-- 1. THE BASKS. 2. THE SKIPTAR. 3. THE KELTS. 4. THE GREEKS AND LATINS. 5. THE SARMATIANS. 6. THE GERMANS.