10. Immaterialists are Atheists.--There are two classes of atheists in the world. One class denies the existence of God in the most positive language; the other denies his existence in duration or space. One says, "There is no God;" the other says "God is not here or there, any more than he exists now and then." The infidel says, "There is no such a substance as God." The immaterialist says, "There is such a substance as God, but it is 'without parts.'" The atheist says, "There is no such substance as spirit." The immaterialist says, "A spirit, though he lives and acts, occupies no room and fills no space, in the same way and after the same manner as matter not even so much as does the minutest grain of sand." The atheist does not seek to hide his infidelity; but the immaterialist, whose declared belief amounts to the same thing as the atheist's endeavors to hide his infidelity under the shallow covering of a few words.--Orson Pratt (Absurdities of Immaterialism, page 11). REVIEW. 1. Describe the simplicity of public worship in early Christian times. (Note 2, end of section III.) 2. What changes in the public worship were gradually introduced? (Note 1). 3. What was the object in introducing these changes? 4. In what manner was incense introduced into public worship? 5. What especially obnoxious practice became prevalent in the 4th century? 6. What can you say of the worship of martyrs? (Note 2). 7. Give an account of the decline of spiritual gifts in the church. 8. On this point what difference exists between Catholics and Protestants? 9. What can you say of Protestant excuses for the absence of the spiritual gifts of the gospel? (Notes 3 and 4). 10. What does the absence of spiritual gifts prove? 11. In what way were grievous offenses punished by the church? 12. What ceremonies finally became associated with excommunication? 13. What temporal punishments were sometimes associated with excommunication? {179} 14. What can you say of the mingling of pagan philosophy with the Christian religion? 15. Give the scriptural doctrine respecting God. 16. Give an instance from scripture where the personages of the Godhead are seen to be distinct. 17. In what does the oneness of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost consist? (Note 5.) 18. How did the early Christians regard the scriptural doctrine of the Godhead? 19. By what means did men at last try to explain the revelation? 20. Give the Gnostic idea respecting God. 21. How did the Gnostics account for the creation of the world? 22. In what way did the Gnostics avoid making God the author of evil? 23. What is the nature of man according to the Gnostic philosophy? 24. What did the Gnostic philosophy look to as the culmination between the struggle of man with evil? 25. In what light did the Gnostics look upon Jesus Christ? 26. What fanciful theory did some of them hold respecting him? (Note 7). 27. To what two modes of life did the Gnostic philosophy lead?