6. The Works in which Catholics Trusted.--In the eleventh century voluntary flagellations were superadded to these practices [fastings, pilgrimages, etc.]; somewhat later they became quite a mania in Italy, which was then in a very disturbed state. Nobles and peasants, old and young, even children of five years of age, whose only covering was a cloth tied round the middle, went in pairs by hundreds, thousands and tens of thousands, through the towns and villages, visiting the churches in the depth of winter. Armed with scourges, they flogged each other without pity, and the streets resounded with cries and groans that drew tears from all who heard them.--D'Aubigne. REVIEW. 1. What difference existed between the teachings of the Catholic church and the conduct of its agents in the matter of indulgences? (Note 1.) 2. Was the sale of indulgences the chief cause of Luther's revolt from Rome? 3. What doctrines did Luther entertain which would at last have led him to oppose the Catholic church? 4. What is the power of deliberation? 5. Explain what liberty or free agency is. 6. In what way is man's will or free agency modified? 7. What is it that convinces man of the necessity of external help to aid his will? 8. What does man's experience teach him when he seeks external help? 9. What influence is man conscious of as operating upon him in moral and spiritual affairs? {241} 10. State the Pelagian view on the subject of grace and free will. 11. State the Roman Catholic view. 12. State the Protestant view. 13. What was Luther's fundamental doctrine? 14. In what light did Luther hold good works? 15. What mischief arose out of Luther's doctrine? 16. What did Luther himself say respecting the danger of his doctrine? 17. What were the teachings of the Roman church on justification? 18. To what extreme did the church of Rome go in the matter of good works? 19. What was the nature of the works in which Roman Catholics trusted too much? (Note 6.) 20. What influence on morals did the doctrine have that substitutes could be employed to receive punishment for sins? {242} SECTION III.